Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with T2DM, patients with T2DM without DR, and patients with T2DM with DR.

From: Impacts of monocular, binocular, and functional visual acuity on vision-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes

Variable

All diabetes

(n = 90)

No-DR diabetes

(n = 48)

DR diabetes

(n = 42)

No-DR diabetes vs. DR diabetes

p-value

Age (years)

60.3 ± 10.5

58.5 ± 12.1

62.4 ± 7.9

0.082

Gender, n (%)

   

0.398

 Men

51 (56.7%)

25 (52.1%)

26 (61.9%)

 

 Women

39 (43.3%)

23 (47.9%)

16 (38.1%)

 

Visual acuity (logMAR)

 Better eye

0.19 (0.26)

0.11 (0.17)

0.27 (0.31)

0.013*

 Both eyes

0.12 (0.24)

0.04 (0.15)

0.21 (0.30)

0.001*

Hypertension, n (%)

   

0.393

 Yes

53 (58.9%)

26 (54.2%)

27 (64.3%)

 

 No

37 (41.1%)

22 (45.8%)

15 (35.7%)

 

HbA1c

8.76 ± 2.11

8.54 ± 2.43

8.60 ± 2.51

0.842

Duration (years)

10.08 ± 6.30

7.20 ± 5.44

12.65 ± 6.37

< 0.001*

Cataract, n (%)

   

0.005*

 Normal

20 (22.2%)

17 (35.4%)

3 (7.1%)

 

 Cataract

62 (68.9%)

27 (56.3%)

35 (83.3%)

 

 Cataract s/p surgery

8 (8.9%)

4 (8.3%)

4 (9.5%)

 
  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables are presented as n (%). logMAR logarithmic minimum angle of resolution, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, DR diabetic retinopathy, no-DR without diabetic retinopathy. The independent t-test and Chi-squared test were used to examine the difference between the no-DR and DR diabetes groups. The * symbol indicates significant difference (p < 0.05).
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