Figure 3

Artemether downregulated TGF-β1 mRNA expression levels and inhibited tubular proliferation. (a) Determination of renal TGF-β1 mRNA expression levels in each group. (b, c) Counting of PCNA and Ki-67 positive tubular cells per mm2 in various groups. (d, e) Representative images of PCNA and Ki-67 immunostaining in each group. Scale bar, 20 μm. n = 6 per group. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus control; ##P < 0.01 and ###P < 0.001 versus AN.