Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants categorised into the four obesity phenotypes.

From: Understanding the genetic architecture of the metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese phenotypes in a Korean population

 

MHNW

(n = 23 466)

MUHNW

(n = 10 358)

MHO

(n = 7 008)

MUHO

(n = 9 083)

p-value

p-value1

p-value2

p-value3

Age (years)

51.4 ± 7.0

56 ± 7.6

52.9 ± 7.9

55.3 ± 7.8

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Sex

    

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Male (%)

27.8

39.5

38.5

47.3

    

Female (%)

72.1

60.5

61.5

52.7

    

BMI (kg/m2)

22.1 ± 1.8

22.9 ± 1.5

26.8 ± 1.7

27.4 ± 2.1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

116.7 ± 12.9

128.1 ± 14.3

122.2 ± 13.3

131.1 ± 14.2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

72.5 ± 8.9

78.7 ± 9.4

76.0 ± 9.2

80.8 ± 9.5

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

FPG (mg/dL)

89.0 ± 11.1

102.6 ± 25.4

90.9 ± 11.7

105.1 ± 25.7

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

195.8 ± 33.3

200.3 ± 38.1

201.6 ± 34

201.3 ± 37.5

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.020

 < 0.001

TG (mg/dL)

89.9 ± 43.6

167.7 ± 104.7

105.1 ± 50.1

186.4 ± 113

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

59.1 ± 12.7

48.2 ± 12.0

55 ± 11.1

46.1 ± 10.6

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Hypertension (%)

1 516 (6.4)

3 313 (32.0)

911 (13.0)

3 765 (41.4)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Diabetes (%)

351 (1.5)

1 430 (13.8)

110 (1.6)

1 320 (14.5)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Regular exerciser (%)

9 071 (39.4)

4 120 (40.6)

2 726 (39.8)

3 453 (38.7)

0.401

0.039

0.179

0.265

Smoker (%)

    

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Current smoker (%)

2 215 (9.4)

1 415 (13.7)

776 (11.1)

1 386 (15.3)

    

Former smoker (%)

2 749 (11.7)

1 791 (17.3)

1 244 (17.8)

2 011 (22.1)

    

Drinker (%)

3 777 (14.4)

1 928 (18.6)

1 341 (19.1)

2 017 (22.2)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.388

  1. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage. We obtained p-values by one-way analysis of variance or independent two-sample t-tests for continuous variables or by χ2 tests for categorical variables.
  2. p-values represent the difference in each variable among the MHNW, MUHNW, MHO and MUHO phenotypes.
  3. MHNW, metabolically healthy normal weight; MUHNW, metabolically unhealthy normal weight; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obese; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  4. p-values1 represent the difference in each variable between the MHNW and MUHNW phenotypes.
  5. p-values2 represent the difference in each variable between the MHO and MUHO phenotypes.
  6. p-values3 represent the difference in each variable between the MUHNW and MHO phenotypes.
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