Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.

From: Predictive values of multiple non-invasive markers for myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with preserved ejection fraction

Variables

Controls (n = 33)

All HCM (n = 86)

p value

LGE negative (n = 38)

LGE positive (n = 48)

p’ value

Demographics

Age (years)

47.85 ± 10.37

52.81 ± 11.92

0.316

51.71 ± 13.16

53.69 ± 10.90

0.085

Male (n, %)

25 (75.76)

70 (81.40)

0.610

32 (84.22)

38 (79.17)

0.668

Height (cm)

168.27 ± 6.00

169.67 ± 6.22

0.637

169.66 ± 6.84

169.71 ± 5.76

0.538

Weight (kg)

68.46 ± 8.76

71.79 ± 10.53

0.436

71.76 ± 10.44

71.81 ± 10.71

0.278

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.17 ± 2.80

24.86 ± 2.94

0.746

24.83 ± 2.58

24.88 ± 3.22

0.517

Body surface area (m2)

1.79 ± 0.13

1.85 ± 0.16

0.294

1.85 ± 0.16

1.84 ± 0.17

0.197

Clinical characteristics, n, %

Heart rate (bpm)

64.39 ± 10.23

69.81 ± 10.83

0.066

71.32 ± 9.71*

68.63 ± 11.61#

0.009

LVOTG at rest (mmHg)

–

6.70 (4.00 − 25.04)

–

5.30 (3.24 – 22.36)

10.24 (4.00–27.04)

0.122

Obstructive

0 (0)

34 (39.53)

–

12 (31.58)

22 (45.83)

0.192

Nonobstructive

33 (33)

52 (60.47)

–

26 (68.42)

26 (54.17)

0.192

NYHA functional class I

0 (0)

48 (55.81)

–

26 (68.42)

22 (45.83)

–

NYHA functional class II

0 (0)

27 (31.40)

–

8 (21.05)

19 (39.58)

–

NYHA functional class III

0 (0)

11 (12.79)

–

4 (10.53)

7 (14.58)

–

Hypertension

0 (0)

36 (41.86)

–

16 (42.11)

20 (41.67)

1.000

Diabetes

0 (0)

12 (13.95)

–

2 (5.56)

10 (20.83)

0.058

Hyperlipidemia

0 (0)

20 (23.26)

-

9 (23.68)

11 (22.92)

1.000

Smoker

10 (30.30)

41 (47.67)

0.086

16 (42.11)

25 (52.08)

0.391

Drinker

4 (12.12)

15 (17.44)

0.478

7 (18.42)

8 (16.67)

1.000

History of atrial fibrillation

0 (0)

4 (4.70)

–

3 (6.30)

1 (2.60)

0.416

Family history of coronary

artery disease

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

Medications, n, %

Beta-blocker

0 (0)

53 (61.60)

–

23 (60.50)

30 (62.50)

1.000

Ca-channel blocker

0 (0)

36 (41.86)

–

16 (42.11)

20 (41.67)

0.570

ACE inhibitor or ARB

0 (0)

31 (36.05)

–

14 (36.84)

17 (35.42)

1.000

Diuretic

0 (0)

23 (26.74)

–

6 (15.79)

17 (35.42)

0.051

Trimetazidine

0 (0)

22 (25.58)

–

6 (38.00)

16 (48.00)

0.083

Digoxin

0 (0)

1 (1.16)

–

0 (0)

1 (2.08)

1.000

Serum creatinine (mol/L)

–

79.69 ± 16.11

–

80.11 ± 16.85

79.16 ± 15.39

0.808

Biomarkers

Aspartate aminotransferase

(U/L)

–

29.34 ± 21.16

 

27.52 ± 18.08

30.51 ± 23.07

0.469

Creatine kinase (U/L)

–

103.00 (71.00 – 143.75)

 

124.00 (84.50 – 170.00)

89.00 (68.00 – 136.00)

0.071

Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

–

208.03 ± 61.79

 

212.96 ± 55.27

204.87 ± 66.13

0.378

Creatine kinase-MB (ng/mL)

–

2.30 ± 2.60

 

1.80 ± 1.72

2.63 ± 3.02

0.038

hs-cTnI (ng/L)

–

12.70 (6.80 – 31.40)

 

5.60 (3.50–23.30)

21.85 (10.63–39.70)

 < 0.001

Nt-proBNP (pg/mL)

–

112.95 (46.45–335.73)

 

56.85 (18.63–104.43)

220.15 (84.00–420.40)

0.003

 > 100.00

–

45 (52.30)

 

15 (39.50)

30 (62.50)

0.034

 ≤ 100.00

–

41 (47.70)

 

23 (69.50)

18 (37.50)

–

  1. Values expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). The p values reflect the comparison between 2 groups (controls vs. All HCM). The p’ values reflect the comparison between 3 subgroups (controls vs. LGE (−) vs. LGE ( +)) or 2 subgroups (LGE (−) vs. LGE ( +)), respectively. LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVOTG, peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient; NYHA, New York heart association; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; Nt-proBNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; hs-cTnI, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. * < 0.05 vs. controls. # < 0.05 vs. LGE (−).
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