Figure 3

Study design. (a) Location of the 21 paired stands in the Cévennes Biosphere Reserve and National Park. Each number represents a pair of one coniferous-dominated stand and one mixed/deciduous-dominated stand. The core zone of the study area is represented in grey. Schematic representation (not in scale) of the land cover within 1-km radius buffer of one pair is depicted (dark green: coniferous forests; olive green: deciduous forests; beige: others) with a pie chart at its centre representing the percentage of deciduous trees (light green) vs. coniferous trees (dark green) at the stand scale. (b) Distribution of the sampled stands along a gradient of deciduous-conifer mixture at both stand of and landscape levels (see material and methods for more details). Stands of the same pair have the same number and are linked with a grey line. The map was created using ArcGIS v10.2 (ESRI, Redlands, California, USA; https://desktop.arcgis.com/fr/arcmap/).