Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to febuxostat treatment and presence or absence of proteinuria.

From: Urate-lowering therapy for CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia without proteinuria elucidated by attribute-based research in the FEATHER Study

 

Total (n = 395)

Placebo (n = 203)

Febuxostat (n = 192)

P-value

Proteinuria-negative (n = 218)

Proteinuria-positive (n = 177)

P-value

Clinical characteristics

Male sex

305 (77.2%)

154 (75.9%)

151 (78.6%)

0.510

178 (81.7%)

127 (71.8%)

0.020

Age (years)

64.7 ± 11.9

64.7 ± 12.2

64.7 ± 11.5

0.978

66.4 ± 10.8

62.6 ± 12.8

0.002

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 4.1

24.7 ± 3.6

24.9 ± 4.5

0.641

24.8 ± 4.0

24.8 ± 4.2

0.960

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

130.6 ± 15.0

129.6 ± 15.0

131.7 ± 15.0

0.170

130.1 ± 15.1

131.1 ± 14.9

0.512

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.9 ± 10.8

77.3 ± 11.1

78.4 ± 10.6

0.309

77.2 ± 10.5

78.6 ± 11.2

0.187

Current or former smoker

237 (60.0%)

117 (57.6%)

120 (62.5%)

0.612

127 (58.3%)

110 (62.1%)

0.226

Laboratory results

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

45.2 ± 9.6

45.0 ± 9.8

45.3 ± 9.5

0.775

46.2 ± 9.6

43.9 ± 9.6

0.020

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.26 ± 0.25

1.26 ± 0.25

1.26 ± 0.24

0.880

1.24 ± 0.23

1.28 ± 0.26

0.146

Serum uric acid (mg/dL)

7.96 ± 0.63

7.98 ± 0.64

7.94 ± 0.62

0.539

7.93 ± 0.61

8.00 ± 0.65

0.293

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

6.0 ± 0.6

6.0 ± 0.6

6.0 ± 0.6

0.214

6.0 ± 0.5

6.0 ± 0.6

0.477

UACR (mg/g)

117.0 [17.2–518.0]

120.0 [17.2–517.0]

110.5 [18.1–521.5]

0.958

24.1 [7.1–85.7]

534.0 [224.0–981.0]

< 0.001

Proteinuria

177 (44.8%)

93 (45.8%)

84 (43.8%)

0.680

0 (0.0)

177 (100%)

NA

Coexisting conditions

Diabetes mellitus

114 (28.9%)

59 (29.1%)

55 (28.6%)

0.927

63 (28.9%)

51 (28.8%)

0.985

Ischemic heart disease

24 (6.1%)

11 (5.4%)

13 (6.8%)

0.574

14 (6.4%)

10 (5.6%)

0.749

Cerebrovascular disease

43 (10.9%)

17 (8.4%)

26 (13.5%)

0.099

25 (11.5%)

18 (10.2%)

0.680

Medications

ACE inhibitor and/or ARB

310 (78.5%)

152 (74.9%)

158 (82.3%)

0.073

150 (68.8%)

160 (90.4%)

< 0.001

Statins

150 (38.0%)

68 (33.5%)

82 (42.7%)

0.059

70 (32.1%)

80 (45.2%)

0.008

Antidiabetic drugs

81 (20.5%)

45 (22.2%)

36 (18.8%)

0.400

44 (20.2%)

37 (20.9%)

0.860

Diuretics

71 (18.0%)

32 (15.8%)

39 (20.3%)

0.239

40 (18.3%)

31 (17.5%)

0.830

  1. Values for categorical variables are given as count (percentage); values for continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation; non-normally distributed data as median [quartile 1–quartile 3].
  2. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CKD chronic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, UACR urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.
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