Figure 1
Effect of hyaluronic acid on S. elongatus viability and oxygen production with light exposure. (a) S. elongatus viability at 30 million cells/mL in BG11 medium, normal saline, and H2O with and without hyaluronic acid were similar between the groups and after 24 compared to 48 h of incubation. Statistical analyses were performed using the student t test. (b) At 30 million cells/mL, hyaluronic acid gel in BG11 with S. elongatus under light incubation was associated with the highest oxygen level at 6, 18, 24, and 48 h compared to the other groups. Hyaluronic acid gel in BG11 compared to BG11 only with S. elongatus, was associated with significantly higher oxygen level at all time points based on post-hoc correction (p < 0.009). The addition of hyaluronic acid to normal saline or water was associated with lower oxygen level at 18, 24, and 48 h (p < 0.004 and p < 0.002, respectively) based on post-hoc correction. Statistical analyses shown in the figure were performed using the analysis of variance at each time point. (c) S. elongatus viability at 30, 60, or 100 million cells/mL concentration remained similar within the same gel composition at 24 and 48 h. S. elongatus viability was generally higher when incubated in the hyaluronic acid in BG11 compared to other gel compositions. Statistical analyses were performed using the student t test. (d) Oxygen production was consistently higher in the hyaluronic acid gel in BG11 at 30, 60, and 100 million cells/mL concentration compared to hyaluronic acid in normal saline (p < 0.007, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) and hyaluronic acid in water (p < 0.002, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) based on post-hoc correction. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. A total of 10 samples were tested for each gel composition for each treatment at each time point. Statistics shown in (d) were resulted from the analysis of variance. * Indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, and *** indicates p < 0.001.
