Table 8 Performance results by SAMFOR model for six buildings in the learning phase and test phase.

From: Developing a hybrid time-series artificial intelligence model to forecast energy use in buildings

Building

Evaluation

Performance by SAMFOR in learning phase

Performance by SAMFOR in test phase

RMSE (kWh)

MAE (kWh)

MAPE (%)

R

RMSE (kWh)

MAE (kWh)

MAPE (%)

R

Building 1

1

1.24

1.54

6.77

0.993

1.69

2.86

5.95

0.996

2

1.54

2.36

6.63

0.995

1.40

1.97

5.20

0.996

3

1.39

1.94

5.76

0.996

1.44

2.08

4.45

0.996

4

1.27

1.61

5.22

0.995

1.11

1.23

3.65

0.995

 

Average

1.36

1.86

6.10

0.995

1.41

2.04

4.81

0.996

Building 2

1

0.37

0.14

8.16

0.915

0.70

0.49

11.33

0.899

2

0.69

0.48

15.94

0.917

0.61

0.38

13.51

0.951

3

2.66

7.10

9.95

0.956

2.44

5.97

8.36

0.959

4

2.56

6.56

9.93

0.956

2.15

4.60

8.75

0.843

 

Average

1.57

3.57

10.99

0.936

1.48

2.86

10.49

0.913

Building 3

1

3.89

15.15

10.53

0.989

5.12

26.23

13.84

0.992

2

4.43

19.65

12.68

0.992

3.98

15.81

18.89

0.842

3

4.36

18.99

12.40

0.994

4.63

21.46

8.26

0.994

4

4.08

16.68

10.74

0.993

4.23

17.94

9.76

0.989

 

Average

4.19

17.62

11.59

0.992

4.49

20.36

12.69

0.954

Building 4

1

2.06

4.25

25.72

0.982

2.49

6.20

6.25

0.991

2

2.16

4.67

6.43

0.984

1.91

3.66

6.90

0.868

3

2.17

4.70

9.31

0.985

1.77

3.13

7.07

0.865

4

1.91

3.65

8.91

0.983

1.71

2.94

8.02

0.890

 

Average

2.08

4.32

12.59

0.983

1.97

3.98

7.06

0.904

Building 5

1

0.51

0.26

24.19

0.960

0.71

0.50

6.43

0.922

2

0.64

0.41

5.17

0.933

0.55

0.30

4.87

0.904

3

0.71

0.50

8.48

0.953

0.71

0.50

7.25

0.782

4

0.70

0.49

7.09

0.958

0.48

0.23

4.19

0.955

 

Average

0.64

0.42

11.23

0.951

0.61

0.38

5.69

0.891

Building 6

1

0.59

0.34

13.73

0.975

0.88

0.77

14.71

0.986

2

0.76

0.58

13.57

0.983

0.54

0.29

28.92

0.407

3

0.74

0.55

14.03

0.983

0.79

0.62

13.19

0.966

4

0.57

0.33

12.71

0.975

0.47

0.22

9.65

0.946

 

Average

0.67

0.45

13.51

0.979

0.67

0.48

16.62

0.827

Overall average

1.75

4.71

11.00

0.973

1.77

5.02

9.56

0.914

Standard deviation

1.31

6.28

5.27

0.024

1.40

7.41

5.63

0.124