Table 8 Performance results by SAMFOR model for six buildings in the learning phase and test phase.
From: Developing a hybrid time-series artificial intelligence model to forecast energy use in buildings
Building | Evaluation | Performance by SAMFOR in learning phase | Performance by SAMFOR in test phase | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE (kWh) | MAE (kWh) | MAPE (%) | R | RMSE (kWh) | MAE (kWh) | MAPE (%) | R | ||
Building 1 | 1 | 1.24 | 1.54 | 6.77 | 0.993 | 1.69 | 2.86 | 5.95 | 0.996 |
2 | 1.54 | 2.36 | 6.63 | 0.995 | 1.40 | 1.97 | 5.20 | 0.996 | |
3 | 1.39 | 1.94 | 5.76 | 0.996 | 1.44 | 2.08 | 4.45 | 0.996 | |
4 | 1.27 | 1.61 | 5.22 | 0.995 | 1.11 | 1.23 | 3.65 | 0.995 | |
 | Average | 1.36 | 1.86 | 6.10 | 0.995 | 1.41 | 2.04 | 4.81 | 0.996 |
Building 2 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 8.16 | 0.915 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 11.33 | 0.899 |
2 | 0.69 | 0.48 | 15.94 | 0.917 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 13.51 | 0.951 | |
3 | 2.66 | 7.10 | 9.95 | 0.956 | 2.44 | 5.97 | 8.36 | 0.959 | |
4 | 2.56 | 6.56 | 9.93 | 0.956 | 2.15 | 4.60 | 8.75 | 0.843 | |
 | Average | 1.57 | 3.57 | 10.99 | 0.936 | 1.48 | 2.86 | 10.49 | 0.913 |
Building 3 | 1 | 3.89 | 15.15 | 10.53 | 0.989 | 5.12 | 26.23 | 13.84 | 0.992 |
2 | 4.43 | 19.65 | 12.68 | 0.992 | 3.98 | 15.81 | 18.89 | 0.842 | |
3 | 4.36 | 18.99 | 12.40 | 0.994 | 4.63 | 21.46 | 8.26 | 0.994 | |
4 | 4.08 | 16.68 | 10.74 | 0.993 | 4.23 | 17.94 | 9.76 | 0.989 | |
 | Average | 4.19 | 17.62 | 11.59 | 0.992 | 4.49 | 20.36 | 12.69 | 0.954 |
Building 4 | 1 | 2.06 | 4.25 | 25.72 | 0.982 | 2.49 | 6.20 | 6.25 | 0.991 |
2 | 2.16 | 4.67 | 6.43 | 0.984 | 1.91 | 3.66 | 6.90 | 0.868 | |
3 | 2.17 | 4.70 | 9.31 | 0.985 | 1.77 | 3.13 | 7.07 | 0.865 | |
4 | 1.91 | 3.65 | 8.91 | 0.983 | 1.71 | 2.94 | 8.02 | 0.890 | |
 | Average | 2.08 | 4.32 | 12.59 | 0.983 | 1.97 | 3.98 | 7.06 | 0.904 |
Building 5 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 24.19 | 0.960 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 6.43 | 0.922 |
2 | 0.64 | 0.41 | 5.17 | 0.933 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 4.87 | 0.904 | |
3 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 8.48 | 0.953 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 7.25 | 0.782 | |
4 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 7.09 | 0.958 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 4.19 | 0.955 | |
 | Average | 0.64 | 0.42 | 11.23 | 0.951 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 5.69 | 0.891 |
Building 6 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.34 | 13.73 | 0.975 | 0.88 | 0.77 | 14.71 | 0.986 |
2 | 0.76 | 0.58 | 13.57 | 0.983 | 0.54 | 0.29 | 28.92 | 0.407 | |
3 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 14.03 | 0.983 | 0.79 | 0.62 | 13.19 | 0.966 | |
4 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 12.71 | 0.975 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 9.65 | 0.946 | |
 | Average | 0.67 | 0.45 | 13.51 | 0.979 | 0.67 | 0.48 | 16.62 | 0.827 |
Overall average | 1.75 | 4.71 | 11.00 | 0.973 | 1.77 | 5.02 | 9.56 | 0.914 | |
Standard deviation | 1.31 | 6.28 | 5.27 | 0.024 | 1.40 | 7.41 | 5.63 | 0.124 |