Table 1 Distribution of variables and regression analysis for PUI.

From: Investigating problematic uses of Facebook and other Internet activities among university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic

Variables

Overall

PUI

Unadjusted estimates

Adjusted estimates

n (%)

Mean (SD)

B

SE

t

β

p-value

B

SE

t

β

p-value

Age

22.63 ± 2.03

 

0.28

0.28

0.75

0.02

0.456

–

–

–

–

–

Sex

Male

643 (58.4)

44.13 (18.66)

1.15

1.15

1.09

0.03

0.275

–

–

–

–

–

Female

458 (41.6)

42.88 (18.99)

   

Ref

      

Relationship status

In a Relationship

214 (19.4)

45.81 (19.23)

1.44

1.44

1.98

0.06

0.048

1.35

1.29

1.05

0.03

0.296

Married

40 (3.6)

45.53 (16.8)

3.04

3.04

0.84

0.03

0.399

0.88

2.74

0.32

0.01

0.748

Single

847 (76.9)

42.96 (18.75)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Residence

Town

257 (23.3)

47.05 (19.06)

1.57

1.57

2.40

0.08

0.017

0.80

1.46

0.55

0.02

0.585

City

529 (48.0)

42.14 (18.95)

1.33

1.33

 − 0.86

 − 0.03

0.392

 − 4.38

1.33

 − 3.29

 − 0.12

0.001

Village

315 (28.6)

43.28 (18.03)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Family type

Nuclear

854 (77.6)

43.99 (18.75)

1.36

1.36

1.25

0.04

0.210

 − 0.32

1.24

 − 0.26

 − 0.01

0.797

Joint

247 (22.4)

42.29 (18.97)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Monthly household income

25,000–50,000 BDT

480 (43.6)

44.75 (18.76)

1.28

1.28

1.45

0.05

0.147

 − 0.01

1.19

0.00

 < 0.01

0.997

 > 50,000 BDT

224 (20.3)

42.42 (18.73)

1.57

1.57

 − 0.31

 − 0.01

0.760

 − 2.89

1.50

 − 1.93

 − 0.06

0.054

 < 25,000 BDT

397 (36.1)

42.9 (18.86)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Study year

2nd year

177 (16.1)

45.19 (18.51)

2.10

2.10

1.83

0.08

0.068

 − 0.39

1.88

 − 0.21

 − 0.01

0.837

3rd year

230 (20.9)

42.68 (18.65)

1.99

1.99

0.67

0.03

0.503

 − 1.73

1.80

 − 0.96

 − 0.04

0.337

4th year

328 (29.8)

44.2 (18.96)

1.87

1.87

1.53

0.07

0.127

 − 0.12

1.72

 − 0.07

 <  − .01

0.947

Masters

220 (20)

43.91 (19.31)

2.01

2.01

1.28

0.05

0.202

1.10

1.82

0.61

0.02

0.544

1st year

146 (13.3)

41.35 (18.21)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Study major

Engineering

146 (13.3)

44.5 (18.84)

1.80

1.80

0.91

0.03

0.362

1.26

1.60

0.78

0.02

0.433

Business

235 (21.3)

42.85 (18.42)

1.52

1.52

 − 0.01

 <  − 0.01

0.995

1.75

1.36

1.28

0.04

0.199

Arts

284 (25.8)

44.93 (19.23)

1.43

1.43

1.44

0.05

0.150

2.83

1.30

2.17

0.07

0.030

Science

436 (39.6)

42.86 (18.71)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Satisfaction with major

Moderate

330 (30)

46.58 (17.81)

1.25

1.25

3.85

0.12

 < 0.001

3.14

1.16

2.71

0.08

0.007

Poor

89 (8.1)

46.78 (19.45)

2.10

2.10

2.39

0.07

0.017

1.08

1.90

0.57

0.02

0.569

Good

682 (61.9)

41.76 (18.97)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Relationship with parents

Mediocre

126 (11.4)

49.23 (19.53)

1.76

1.76

3.80

0.11

 < 0.001

4.15

1.64

2.53

0.07

0.012

Poor

25 (2.3)

58 (21.58)

3.76

3.76

4.11

0.12

 < 0.001

6.76

3.45

1.96

0.05

0.054

Not applicable

15 (1.4)

39.4 (15.98)

4.83

4.83

 − 0.65

 − 0.02

0.517

 − 5.29

4.35

 − 1.22

 − 0.03

0.224

Good

935 (84.9)

42.53 (18.39)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Domestic violence

Yes

123 (11.2)

46.22 (19.03)

1.80

1.80

1.64

0.05

0.102

0.55

1.67

0.33

0.01

0.742

No

978 (88.8)

43.28 (18.76)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Failure in a romantic relationship

Yes

417 (37.9)

46.77 (18.22)

1.16

1.16

4.39

0.13

 < 0.001

2.36

1.07

2.21

0.06

0.027

No

684 (62.1)

41.68 (18.90)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Sexually abused

Yes

116 (10.5)

49.39 (19.07)

1.84

1.84

3.52

0.11

 < 0.001

2.95

1.83

1.61

0.05

0.108

No

985 (89.5)

42.93 (18.66)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Physically abuses

Yes

153 (13.9)

47.54 (19.33)

1.63

1.63

2.79

0.08

0.005

 − 0.48

1.68

 − 0.29

 − 0.01

0.775

No

948 (86.1)

42.97 (18.65)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Tobacco smoking

Yes

265 (24.1)

43.71 (18.48)

1.33

1.33

0.10

 < 0.01

0.923

–

–

–

–

–

No

836 (75.9)

43.58 (18.91)

   

Ref

      

Drug use

Yes

49 (4.5)

48.96 (19.78)

2.74

2.74

2.04

0.06

0.041

2.51

2.48

1.01

0.03

0.312

No

1052 (95.5)

43.36 (18.73)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Physical comorbidity

Yes

191 (17.3)

49.03 (17.44)

1.48

1.48

4.42

0.13

 < 0.001

4.54

1.37

3.32

0.09

0.001

No

910 (82.7)

42.47 (18.89)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Time spent per day using Internet

2–3 h

253 (23)

36.06 (14.89)

1.90

1.90

3.28

0.13

0.001

5.29

1.83

2.89

0.11

0.004

4–5 h

293 (26.6)

44.76 (17.1)

1.85

1.85

8.05

0.35

 < 0.001

13.05

1.81

7.21

0.31

 < 0.001

 > 5 h

432 (39.2)

51.16 (18.66)

1.76

1.76

12.09

0.55

 < 0.001

19.07

1.76

10.83

0.50

 < 0.001

 < 2 h

123 (11.2)

29.85 (16.86)

   

Ref

    

Ref

Ref

Educational or information purpose

No

199 (18.1)

51.26 (20.49)

1.45

1.45

6.46

0.19

 < 0.001

7.19

1.34

5.37

0.15

 < 0.001

Yes

902 (81.9)

41.92 (17.99)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Use chatting site like Messenger, WeChat, WhatsApp etc

Yes

1025 (93.1)

44.09 (18.49)

2.23

2.23

3.14

0.09

0.002

3.21

2.17

1.48

0.04

0.140

No

76 (6.9)

37.09 (21.72)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Online gaming

Yes

347 (31.5)

44.53 (19)

1.22

1.22

1.10

0.03

0.270

–

–

–

–

–

No

754 (68.5)

43.18 (18.71)

   

Ref

      

YouTubing or watching videos

Yes

1039 (94.4)

43.88 (18.62)

2.46

2.46

1.98

0.06

0.048

1.53

2.32

0.66

0.02

0.509

No

62 (5.6)

39.03 (21.24)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Using social media like FB, Twitter, Instagram, etc

Yes

1037 (94.2)

44.16 (18.54)

2.41

2.41

3.97

0.12

 < 0.001

4.80

2.35

2.05

0.06

0.041

No

64 (5.8)

34.61 (20.74)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Movie/ TV series downloading

Yes

708 (64.3)

45.59 (18.31)

1.17

1.17

4.74

0.14

 < 0.001

3.13

1.08

2.90

0.08

0.004

No

393 (35.7)

40.04 (19.16)

   

Ref

    

Ref

 

Online shopping

Yes

632 (57.4)

43.74 (18.65)

1.15

1.15

0.27

0.01

0.787

–

–

–

–

–

No

469 (42.6)

43.43 (19.02)

   

Ref

      
  1. SD Standard deviations; B unstandardized regression coefficient; SE Standard error; β standardized regression coefficient.
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