Figure 6
From: Validation of a surgical drill with a haptic interface in spine surgery
Time-distance plot of the haptic interface surgical drill with the penetration detection function and the handheld surgical drill with and without the penetration detection function. The average reaction time to detect penetration and distance after penetration were both significantly improved when a haptic interface surgical drill with the penetration detection function was used. The drill parameters used in each experiment are summarized in Table 1.
