Table 1 Thermo-physical properties of nanoparticles and base fluid10,54,55,56,57.
Parameters | Engine oil | \({\text{CuO}}\) | \({\text{Al}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3}\) | \({\text{TiO}}_{2}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\rho \left( {{\text{kg}}/{\text{m}}^{3} } \right)\) | 884 | 8933 | 3970 | 4250 |
\(k\left( {{\text{W}}/{\text{m}} \cdot {\text{K}}} \right)\) | 0.144 | 401 | 40 | 8.95928 |
\(C_{p} \left( {{\text{J}}/{\text{kg}} \cdot {\text{K}}} \right)\) | 1910 | 385 | 765 | 686.2 |
\(\beta \left( {1/{\text{K}}} \right)\) | 70 | 1.67 | 0.00000508 | 0.9 |
Shape | – | Spherical | Platelet | Cylindrical |
