Table 1 Basic characteristics of studied patients.
All patients 149/149 (100%) | Non-survivors 108/149 (72.5%) | Survivors 41/149 (27.5%) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median), years (min–max) | 67 (24–90) | 69 (36–90) | 61 (24–82) | 0.0004* |
Male | 95 (63.7%) | 39 (63.9%) | 26 (63.4%) | 0.9575 |
ECMO-Therapy | 50 (33.6%) | 40 (37%) | 10 (24.4%) | 0.1462 |
Comorbidities | 146 (98%) | 106 (98.1%) | 40 (97.6%) | 0.8212 |
Hypertension | 107 (71.8%) | 77 (71.3%) | 30 (73.2%) | 0.8218 |
Dyslipidemia | 49 (32.9%) | 33 (30.6%) | 16 (39.0%) | 0.3291 |
Diabetes mellitus | 54 (36.2%) | 40 (37.0%) | 14 (34.1%) | 0.7451 |
Obesity | 95 (63.8%) | 69 (63.9%) | 26 (63.4%) | 0.9575 |
Current smoker | 7 (4.7%) | 2 (1.9%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.0075* |
Renal insufficiency | 29 (19.5%) | 20 (18.5%) | 9 (22%) | 0.6392 |
Allergies | 29 (15.4%) | 17 (15.7%) | 6 (14.6%) | 0.8685 |
Heart disease | 56 (37.6%) | 44 (40.7%) | 12 (29.3%) | 0.1991 |
Atrial fibrillation | 26 (17.5%) | 21 (19.4%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.3010 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 14 (9.4%) | 12 (11.1%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.2471 |
Autoimmun disease | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.5396 |
Connective tissue disease | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.5396 |
Liver disease | 3 (2%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.8212 |
Any cancer | 15 (10.1%) | 13 (12.0%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.1971 |
Immunsupression condition | 4 (2.7%) | 3 (2.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.9098 |
Home oxygen therapy | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (1.9%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.3107 |
previous medication** | 118 (79.2%) | 87 (80.6%) | 31 (75.6%) | 0.5098 |
Symptoms | ||||
Dyspnea | 102 (68.5%) | 77 (71.3%) | 25 (61.0%) | 0.2820 |
Tachypnea | 83 (55.7%) | 63 (58.3%) | 20 (48.8%) | 0.2977 |
Fatigue | 63 (42.3%) | 49 (45.4%) | 14 (34.1%) | 0.2182 |
Hipo-/Anosmia | 6 (4.0%) | 3 (2.8%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.2108 |
Disgeusia | 4 (2.7%) | 3 (2.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.9098 |
Sorethroat | 16 (10.7%) | 12 (11.1%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.8130 |
Fever | 63 (42.3%) | 45 (41.7%) | 18 (43.9%) | 0.8067 |
Cough | 63 (42.3%) | 47 (43.5%) | 16 (39.0%) | 0.6961 |
Vomiting | 11 (7.4%) | 8 (7.4%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.6227 |
Diarrhea | 16 (10.7%) | 14 (13.0%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.9851 |
Arthromyalgy | 8 (5.4%) | 7 (6.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.1566 |
Synkope | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.3316 |
Chest pain | 5 (3.4%) | 3 (2.8%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.2143 |
Headache | 7 (4.7%) | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.5281 |
Rhinitis | 6 (4.0%) | 5 (4.6%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.9494 |
O2SAT < 92% | 74 (49.7%) | 56 (51.9%) | 18 (43.9%) | 0.5467 |
Laboratory results at admission to ICU | ||||
Leukocytes (/nl) | 9.42 ± 4.78 | 9.08 ± 4.61 | 10.38 ± 5.17 | 0.1658 |
Lymphocytes (/nl) | 0.88 ± 0.57 | 0.85 ± 0.59 | 0.94 ± 0.5 | 0.4813 |
Thrombocytes (/nl) | 228.84 ± 114.48 | 229.07 ± 119.38 | 234.54 ± 95.71 | 0.8075 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.44 ± 2.38 | 12.53 ± 2.38 | 12.17 ± 2.4 | 0.4505 |
CRP (mg/dl) | 17.94 ± 24.81 | 18.96 ± 28.36 | 15.1 ± 9.17 | 0.4321 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.6 ± 1.84 | 1.45 ± 1.09 | 2.03 ± 3.07 | 0.1108 |
Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.73 ± 0.8 | 0.75 ± 0.89 | 0.66 ± 0.43 | 0.5752 |
Therapy | ||||
Highflow nasalcannula | 109 (73.2%) | 81 (75.0%) | 28 (68.3%) | 0.4127 |
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 108 (72.5%) | 79 (73.1%) | 29 (70.7%) | 0.7699 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 148 (99.3%) | 107 (99.1%) | 41 (100.0%) | 0.5396 |
Tracheotomy | 48 (32.2%) | 25 (23.1%) | 23 (56.1%) | 0.0001* |
Vasoactive treatment | 149 (100.0%) | 108 (100.0%) | 41 (100.0%) | 1.0000 |
Cytokine adsorption therapy | 36 (24.2%) | 32 (29.6%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.0112* |
Adjuvant therapy on ECMO or mechanical ventilation | 144 (96.6%) | 104 (96.3%) | 40 (97.6%) | 0.7042 |
Neuromuscular blockage | 66 (44.3%) | 51 (47.2%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.2460 |
Prone positioning | 117 (78.5%) | 81 (75.0%) | 36 (87.8%) | 0.0903 |
Nitrite oxide or prostacyclin | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.1048 |
Renal replacement therapy | 81 (54.4%) | 62 (57.4%) | 19 (46.3%) | 0.2286 |
COVID19 treatment | ||||
Use corticoids during admission | 23 (15.4%) | 18 (16.7%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.5032 |
Use corticoids during ICU | 135 (90.6%) | 101 (93.5%) | 34 (82.9%) | 0.0482* |
Immunsupressants | 18 (12.1%) | 15 (13.9%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.2747 |
Antiviral drugs | 60 (40.3%) | 45 (41.7%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.5752 |
Remedesivir | 51 (34.2%) | 40 (37.0%) | 11 (26.8%) | 0.2438 |
Tocilizumab | 15 (10.1%) | 14 (13.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.0571 |
Hydrocychloroquin | 9 (6.0%) | 4 (3.7%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.0525 |
