Figure 1
From: Generation of equatorial plasma bubble after the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
Observation of the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) and air pressure wave between 11:20 to 12:00 UTC on January 15, 2022. (a) Two-dimensional map of ROTI values and the Himawari-8 temperature deviation (d3) at 11:40 UT, indicated by the color and gray scales, respectively. The yellow and red lines indicate the sunset at 105 and 300 km heights. The horizontal dashed curves represent the geomagnetic latitude every 10°. (b) Electron density observed by the Arase satellite and geographic latitude-time plot of Himawari-8 d3 data along the geographic longitude of the Arase satellite position. (c) Two-dimensional map of ROTI values with the electron density along the Arase satellite orbit in the same period as in Fig. 1b. The smoothed gray curve indicates the Arase satellite orbit, while the thick orange line around the smoothed curve indicates the electron density variation.
