Table 2 Multivariable multinomial random-effects logistic regression model on the predictors of positive and negative symptoms trajectories in patients.

From: Six-year trajectories and associated factors of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients, siblings, and controls: Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study

Predictors

Positive symptom trajectories (Ref = Low)

Negative symptom trajectories (Ref = Low)

Moderate

High

High-Decreased

High-Increased

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores

 PRSPT=0.05

1.04 (0.91; 1.18)

0.58

0.94 (0.75; 1.19)

0.62

0.91 (0.81; 1.02)

0.12

0.94 (0.85; 1.03)

0.19

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Gender, female

0.88 (0.32; 2.44)

0.81

0.12 (0.01; 1.86)

0.13

1.08 (0.29; 4)

0.90

0.97 (0.31; 3.03)

0.95

 Ethnicity, non-Caucasian

1.02 (0.23; 4.56)

0.98

9.30 (0.48; 178.47)

0.14

    

 Years of education (full-time)

0.98 (0.85; 1.13)

0.77

0.99 (0.87; 1.12)

0.88

  Duration of illness

0.93 (0.80; 1.08)

0.35

1.11 (0.86; 1.43)

0.44

    

  Psychotic episode

1.12 (0.72; 1.73)

0.62

1.70 (0.75; 3.83)

0.20

    

  Premorbid adjustment

1.43 (0.69; 2.97)

0.34

1.19 (0.35; 4.07)

0.78

1.00 (0.52; 1.91)

0.99

1.30 (0.76; 2.21)

0.33

  Premorbid IQ

0.99 (0.94; 1.04)

0.62

1.02 (0.93; 1.12)

0.73

1.02 (0.96; 1.08)

0.59

1.03 (0.97; 1.08)

0.36

  Neurocognitive function

0.84 (0.51; 1.39)

0.50

0.47 (0.18; 1.22)

0.12

0.79 (0.45; 1.36)

0.39

0.72 (0.45; 1.16)

0.17

Psychotic symptoms

 Positive symptoms

1.40 (0.80; 2.44)

0.23

2.77 (1.46; 5.26)

0.002

1.02 (0.91; 1.15)

0.71

1.07 (0.96; 1.18)

0.21

 Negative symptoms

1.01 (0.92; 1.10)

0.91

1.11 (0.95; 1.30)

0.18

2.15 (1.78; 2.6)

 < 0.0001

1.60 (1.38; 1.86)

 < 0.0001

 Disorganization

1.01 (0.92; 1.12)

0.80

0.92 (0.74; 1.14)

0.45

0.93 (0.83; 1.03)

0.17

1.01 (0.92; 1.11)

0.87

 Emotional distress

0.99 (0.88; 1.11)

0.81

1.04 (0.83; 1.32)

0.72

0.99 (0.86; 1.13)

0.83

0.94 (0.83; 1.06)

0.34

 Excitement

1.01 (0.85; 1.2)

0.88

0.96 (0.72; 1.28)

0.77

1.14 (0.94; 1.40)

0.19

1.02 (0.86; 1.22)

0.82

Quality of life and functioning

 Health-related Quality of life

0.52 (0.15; 1.8)

0.30

2.61 (0.27; 24.81)

0.40

0.34 (0.10; 1.15)

0.08

0.26 (0.09; 0.75)

0.01

 Global functioning

1.01 (0.97; 1.05)

0.64

1.00 (0.92; 1.08)

0.99

0.99 (0.95; 1.04)

0.76

0.99 (0.96; 1.03)

0.75

  1. Significant values are in bold.
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