Table 3 Clinical characteristics of patients with rare and predicted to be deleterious variants and without rare variants in WFS1.

From: The genetic and clinical characteristics of WFS1 related diabetes in Chinese early onset type 2 diabetes

 

Patients with rare and predicted to be deleterious variation*

Patients without rare variation

P

n

39

646

–

Sex; male/female

30/9

439/207

0.289

Duration of diabetes; years

3.0 (0.1–10.5)

2.0 (0.1–8.0)

0.675

Age; years

34.0(28.5–40.5)

34.0 (29.0–39.0)

0.909

Diagnosis age; years

30.0 (25.5–32.0)

30.0 (26.0–33.0)

0.268

Smoking history; n(%)

15 (37.8)

227 (35.1)

0.736

Family history; n(%)

35 (88.6)

501 (77.5)

0.143

OHA; n(%)

22 (56.3)

406 (62.8)

0.461

Insulin therapy; n(%)

19 (48.7)

236 (36.6)

0.098

Lipid-lowering drug; n(%)

6 (15.3)

48 (7.4)

0.175

BMI; kg/m2

27.1 ± 5.0

27.8 ± 4.9

0.190

Waist, cm

 Male

97.0 ± 12.4

97.0 ± 12.4

0.980

 Female

84.8 ± 14.6

90.8 ± 12.8

0.173

SBP; mmHg

126.0 (116.0–140.0)

125.0 (116.0–138.0)

0.987

DBP; mmHg

80.0 (70.0–87.0)

80.0 (73.0–88.0)

0.991

ALT; U/L

32.0 (19.0–59.3)

26.0 (16.0–45.0)

0.135

AST; U/L

25.6 (19.5–36.5)

21.0 (16.0–30.0)

0.025

BUN; mmol/L

4.72 (3.82–5.67)

4.56 (3.70–5.54)

0.508

Scr; μmol/L

67.0 (56.0–76.0)

61.0 (50.0–72.0)

0.021

UA; μmol/L

 Male

407.4 ± 126.1

374.3 ± 102.1

0.146

 Female

291.6 ± 59.0

320.9 ± 107.3

0.393

TC; mmol/L

4.63 (3.98–5.21)

4.82 (4.18–5.57)

0.259

TG; mmol/L

1.50 (1.15–1.96)

1.82 (1.23–2.97)

0.083

LDL-c; mmol/L

2.79 ± 1.07

2.94 ± 0.90

0.347

HDL-c; mmol/L

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.99 (0.87–1.15)

0.874

 Male

0.97 ± 0.26

0.98 ± 0.22

0.738

 Female

1.20 ± 0.21

1.12 ± 0.31

0.452

hs-CRP; mg/L

1.89 (0.78–3.23)

1.81 (0.88–3.86)

0.767

CK; U/L

82.80(55.0–135.0)

78.0 (57.0–111.0)

0.260

eGFR; ml/min/1.73m2

123.38 (113.54–143.91)

133.53 (116.32–157.19)

0.060

FPG; mmol/L

8.02 (6.89–11.96)

8.17 (6.34–10.70)

0.627

PPG; mmol/L

13.58 (11.01–16.27)

12.90 (10.20–15.88)

0.559

FCP; ng/ml

1.57 (1.06–2.22)

2.09 (1.43–3.05)

0.007(0.027)#

PCP; ng/ml

2.80 (1.75–4.46)

4.29 (2.76–6.07)

0.027(0.034)#

Fins; μU/ml

9.84 (6.28–14.64)

12.24 (7.56–18.54)

0.211

Pins; μU/ml

34.95 (22.40–48.36)

39.98 (23.18–64.20)

0.461

HbA1c; %

9.1 (7.1–11.2)

9.0 (7.3–10.9)

0.830

HbA1c, mmol/mol

76 (54–99)

75 (56–96)

0.830

UACR, mg/g

8.95 (4.80–29.96)

11.00 (4.47–42.08)

0.669

Obesity; n(%)

15 (39.50)

308 (47.7)

0.404

CHD; n(%)

1 (2.6)

20 (3.1)

1.000

Stroke; n(%)

2 (5.3)

19 (3.0)

0.433

Hypertension; n(%)

8 (21.1)

143 (22.1)

1.000

PA; n(%)

16 (41.4)

176 (27.2)

0.098

Diabetic nephropathy; n(%)

7 (18.4)

120 (18.5)

1.000

Diabetic retinopathy; n(%)

5 (13.2)

84 (13.0)

0.979

  1. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the means and standard deviations (± SD), and non-normally distributed variables are presented as medians (25–75th percentile). Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages.
  2. *Five patients with rare variants of WFS1 gene that the software predicted to be benign were excluded.
  3. #P values in brackets were based on the results of linear regression analysis after adjusting for BMI.
  4. EOD early-onset type 2 diabetes, OHA oral hypoglycemic agents, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-hip ratio, SBP systolic pressure, DBP diastolic pressure, ALT serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, AST serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, UA uric acid, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CK serum creatine kinase, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR estimate glomerular filtration rate, FPG fasting plasma glucose, PPG 2-h plasma glucose during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), FCP fasting plasma C-peptide, PCP postprandial serum C-peptide, Fins fasting serum insulin, Pins postprandial serum insulin, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, UACR urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, CHD coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, PA peripheral atherosclerosis.
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