Table 5 Asymmetry between limbs.

From: Comparing kinematic asymmetry and lateral step-down test scores in healthy, chronic ankle instability, and patellofemoral pain syndrome female basketball players: a cross-sectional study

ASI (%)

Group

Total

P-value

Multiple comparison (post-hoc test) on asymmetry between limbs

CAI

PFP

Healthy

(I) Group

(J) Group

I-J mean ± SD ASI (%)

I-J p-value

Ankle dorsiflexion ROM mean ± SD

14.39 ± 5.57*†

 − 2.46 ± 9.09

 − 0.43 ± 2.27

4.12 ± 9.0.66

0.001, F = 41.02

CAI

PFP

16.86 ± 2.38

 < 0.001*

Healthy

13.96 ± 1.34

 < 0.001*

ES

1.94

0.16

0.03

3.16

PFP

CAI

 − 16.86 ± 2.38

 < 0.001*

Healthy

 − 2.89 ± 2.09

0.440

CV%

11.09 ± 4.56

5.82 ± 2.89

1.38 ± 0.76

6.10 ± 5.06

Healthy

CAI

 − 13.96 ± 1.384

 < 0.001*

PFP

2.89 ± 2.09

0.440

DKV angle (°) mean ± SD

 − 23.36 ± 8.43†

 − 18.72 ± 4.95†

 − 7.86 ± 10.05

 − 16.65 ± 10.30

0.001, F = 19.27

CAI

PFP

 − 4.63 ± 2.18

0.119

Healthy

 − 15.49 ± 2.93

 < 0.001*

ES

1.37

0.82

0.31

2.32

PFP

CAI

4.63 ± 2.18

0.119

Healthy

 − 10.85 ± 2.50

 < 0.001*

CV%

14. 62 ± 4.80

12.04 ± 2.95

7.02 ± 4.44

11.22 ± 5.17

Healthy

CAI

15.49 ± 2.93

 < 0.001*

PFP

10.85 ± 2.50

 < 0.001*

  1. The mean diffrence is siggnificant at the 0.05 level, ASI % asymmetry index between legs, ROM range of motion, DKV: dynamic knee valgus, CV coefficient of variation, ES effect size, CAI chronic ankle instability, PFP patellofemoral syndrome, ROM range of motion.
  2. *Indicates significant post-hoc comparison between CAI and PFP groups (p < 0.001).
  3. †Indicates significant difference on post-hoc testing compared to healthy group (p < 0.001).
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