Table 4 Change in MF value of thigh muscle group before and after deep-squat training with BFR.

From: Effect of continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction deep-squat training on thigh muscle activation and fatigue levels in male handball players

Muscle

Application mode

Period

P-value (interaction effect)

P-value (time main effect)

Pre test-1

Pre test-2

Post test-1

Post test-2

RF

Con

66.21 ± 11.47

65.17 ± 11.07

57.13 ± 6.43*∆

65.00 ± 7.94#

0.011

0.028

Int

65.15 ± 11.22

64.13 ± 11.40

60.10 ± 8.28

63.90 ± 7.50

VM

Con

58.22 ± 5.96

59.50 ± 5.70

52.11 ± 5.22*∆

58.83 ± 5.80#

0.037

0.040

Int

56.74 ± 6.70

57.47 ± 5.66

52.07 ± 6.27

55.61 ± 6.07

VL

Con

60.92 ± 6.45

61.17 ± 6.46

56.03 ± 5.07*∆

59.58 ± 7.23

0.035

0.047

Int

58.88 ± 4.62

59.04 ± 6.45

57.07 ± 4.53

59.58 ± 7.23

BF

Con

62.97 ± 10.13

60.75 ± 9.80

64.68 ± 12.24

63.36 ± 9.59

0.748

0.102

Int

64.92 ± 8.18

62.25 ± 7.17

66.68 ± 11.44

63.36 ± 9.59

SEM

Con

65.67 ± 13.22

65.31 ± 9.75

69.54 ± 8.58

67.30 ± 11.11

0.804

0.097

Int

67.73 ± 13.02

66.20 ± 9.25

69.51 ± 9.60

67.17 ± 7.89

GM

Con

42.62 ± 4.65

41.16 ± 3.71

37.31 ± 3.98*

40.99 ± 4.69

0.043

0.019

Int

44.52 ± 3.96

43.12 ± 3.28

45.27 ± 5.62

44.97 ± 7.25

  1. MF median frequency, BFR blood flow restriction, RF rectus femoris, VM vastus medialis, VL vastus lateralis, BF biceps femoris, SEM semitendinosus, GM gluteus maximus.
  2. *Indicates that pre-2, post-1, and post-2 are significantly different from PRE-1; ∆indicates a significant difference between post-1 and post-2 compared with pre-2; #indicates that post-2 is significantly different from post-1.
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