Figure 1

Seed soaking in and/or foliar spray by silicon or proline effects on relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content, and total soluble sugars content of salt-stressed maize plants in two growing seasons. Data are means (n = 5) ± SE. The same letters in each column indicate no significant differences according to the LSD test (p ≤ 0.05). TW tap water, Si silicon, Pro. proline.