Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Impairing cardiac oxygen supply in swimming coho salmon compromises their heart function and tolerance to acute warming

Figure 4

Effects of coronary ligation on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during intense swimming and acute warming. The partial pressure of plasma concentrations of lactate (A), Na+ (B), K+ (C), glucose (D) and cortisol (E) in coronary-ligated (blue symbols) and sham-operated (red symbols) coho salmon at four experimental levels; routine conditions at 15 °C (0.3 body lengths s−1), during swimming (1.5 body lengths s−1) at 15 °C, at the temperature at which fish fatigued during an acute thermal challenge (i.e., the functional thermal maximum, FTmax) and following recovery. Blue-lined (coronary-ligated) and red-lined (sham-operated) open circles depict male fish and diamonds depict female fish. The inset tables depict the outcome from the mixed models, which included the data obtained from each fish at the different levels. Only statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) results are displayed here, see Table S2 for sample sizes and variable values, and Table S4 for full disclosure of the statistical results. Different lower-case letters denote differences between the different experimental levels across treatment groups. Values are means ± SEM.

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