Figure 3

(a) Comparison of approximate solution of velocity obtained by Moradi et al.⁶⁷, and ANN–ABC–NNA, (b). Absolute error between by Moradi et al.⁶⁷ and ANN–ABC–NNA, (c). Fitness function evaluation with 150 independent runs for \({\text{Re}} = 110, \beta = 3^{o} , We = 0, n = 1, M = 0\), (d). Mean squared error between by Moradi et al.⁶⁷ and ANN–ABC–NNA over 150 independence runs.