Figure 2
Distribution of frequencies of IPA loads (in log10/bee) measured in the three bee species for the eight most frequently detected IPAs (ABPV, BQCV, CBPV, DWV-A, DWV-B, SBV, and the two honey bee microsporidia, Nosema apis and N. ceranae). Apis mellifera (in yellow) and Bombus terrestris (in blue) data from the two screening occasions (T0 and T1) were pooled. Osmia bicornis data at T1 only (in green) are represented, since none of the IPAs was detected at T0. The load thresholds that separate the low loads (less likely to be associated with disease symptoms) from higher loads (more likely to be associated with disease symptoms) are indicated with coloured values and vertical dashed lines.
