Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.

From: Diabetes mellitus modifies the association between chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder biomarkers and aortic stiffness in peritoneal dialysis patients

Characteristic

All participants (n = 213)

DM group (n = 81)

NonDM group (n = 132)

P-value

Basic information

 Age (years)

58 ± 14

60 ± 11

57 ± 15

0.051

 Female, n (%)

118 (55.4)

39 (48.1)

79 (59.8)

0.095

 PD vintage (months)

48 (21–82)

33 (17–62)

55 (27–92)

0.002*

 Dialysis modalities

  CAPD, n (%)

72 (33.8)

30 (37.0)

42 (31.8)

0.106

  APD, n (%)

122 (57.3)

48 (59.3)

74 (56.1)

 

 Residual renal function, n (%)

122 (57.3)

53 (65.4)

69 (52.3)

0.060

 Hypertension, n (%)

194 (91.1)

76 (93.8)

118 (89.4)

0.270

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

98 (46.0)

41 (50.6)

57 (43.2)

0.291

 Calcium carbonate, n (%)

147 (69.0)

56 (69.1)

91 (68.9)

0.976

 Active vitamin D, n (%)

47 (22.1)

13 (16.0)

34 (25.8)

0.097

 Statins, n (%)

66 (31.0)

30 (37.0)

36 (27.3)

0.135

Clinical data

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.0 ± 4.1

26.3 ± 4.0

24.1 ± 4.0

< 0.001*

 Systolic BP (mmHg)

149.9 ± 22.4

157.3 ± 20.0

145.5 ± 22.8

< 0.001*

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)

85.0 ± 14.4

84.8 ± 12.2

85.1 ± 15.7

0.877

 Pulse pressure (mmHg)

47.5 ± 21.5

53.8 ± 17.9

43.7 ± 22.7

0.001*

 Aortic PWV (m/s)

9.1 ± 1.7

9.9 ± 1.8

8.6 ± 1.4

< 0.001*

Laboratory data

 Peritoneal CCr (L/week)

47 (38–55)

45 (40–55)

48 (37–55)

0.899

 Renal CCr (L/week)

3 (0–18)

7 (0–27)

1 (0–18)

0.035*

 Glucose (mg/dL)

102 (92–124)

135 (108–168)

96 (89–105)

< 0.001*

 Albumin (g/dL)

3.6 (3.3–3.8)

3.6 (3.3–3.8)

3.6 (3.4–3.8)

0.696

 Calcium (mg/dL)

9.6 ± 0.7

9.7 ± 0.7

9.6 ± 0.8

0.333

 Phosphorus (mg/dL)

5.2 ± 1.4

5.0 ± 1.2

5.3 ± 1.4

0.085

 Calcium × phosphorus (mg2/dL2)

49.9 ± 13.5

48.2 ± 11.8

51.0 ± 14.5

0.131

 Total ALP (U/L)

84 (61–112)

87 (60–109)

82 (61–114)

0.658

CKD–MBD biomarkers

 Intact PTH (pg/mL)

239 (96–479)

206 (78–341)

259 (114–546)

0.124

 FGF23 (pg/mL)

708 (199–2771)

462 (127–1790)

1237 (251–3120)

0.028*

 α-Klotho (pg/mL)

624 (384–903)

661 (443–922)

608 (373–890)

0.256

 Fetuin-A (µg/mL)

323 (254–405)

312 (240–385)

328 (257–426)

0.236

  1. Continuous variable values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using Student’s t-test; nonnormally distributed variable values are presented as medians and interquartile ranges and were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test; and categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages) and were analyzed using the chi-squared test.
  2. DM diabetes mellitus, PD peritoneal dialysis, CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, APD automated peritoneal dialysis, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, PWV pulse wave velocity, CCr creatinine clearance, calcium × phosphorus calcium-phosphorus product, ALP alkaline phosphatase, PTH parathyroid hormone, FGF23 fibroblast growth factor 23.
  3. *A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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