Figure 2

1D-NMR metabolomic data on urine samples from the DELCODE study cohort support altered metabolism in AD, including formate metabolism. (A) Descriptive statistics for the analysed DELCODE samples. *p-value derived from one-factorial ANOVA, #p-value derived from Fisher’s exact test. SCD subjective cognitive decline, MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, BMI body mass index. (B, C) Box plots for formate and fumarate (both creatinine normalised) over the four study groups. p-Values were derived from multivariable regressions adjusting for age, sex, and BMI using heteroscedastic robust standard errors. SCD subjective cognitive decline. MCI mild cognitive impairment. AD Alzheimer’s disease.