Figure 4

NTP induces oxidative stress in GC cells. (A,B) Fluorescence staining of JC-1 in AGS and HGC27 cells after 24 h of NTP treatment showed red fluorescence representing JC-1 aggregates and green fluorescence representing JC-1 monomers caused by damaged mitochondria. (C–F) Following 24 h of NTP treatment, the ROS in AGS and HGC27 cells were stained with DCF, and ImageJ was used to assess the green fluorescence intensity. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, with significant differences from the control group marked by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.