Figure 5

NTP disrupts redox homeostasis and activates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. (A–F) LDH, MDA, and GSH levels were measured in AGS and HGC27 cells following 24 h of NTP treatment. (G–H) After 24 h, AGS and HGC27 cells were cocultured in the presence or absence of 4 mM NAC, and MTT was used to assess the viability of the cells. (I–K) In AGS and HGC27 cells treated with NTP for 24 h, the Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, and GPX4 proteins associated with oxidative stress were identified via Western blotting. GAPDH levels were used in a quantitative measurement of protein expression levels. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, with significant differences from the control group marked by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.