Table 1 Comparison of the modelled values of winter PP indicators of P. oceanica in the Civitavecchia area with those reported in the literature for other areas of the Mediterranean Sea, at comparable depths; *refers to the depth of the seagrass meadow chosen for incubation through benthic chambers; **Gross Primary Production; ***Net Primary Production; **** Respiration Rate; *****original values was expressed as g m⁻² d⁻¹; ******values of two days of measurements; *******values extracted from the graphs reported in Fig. 3 in the work Ward et al. (2022).

Civitavecchia, Italy

January, 2023

8–10

NCP

2.11 to 47.57; average 7.67 ± 5.92

This study

GCP

3.52 to 79.29; average 12.79 ± 9.87

Rd

 − 31.71 to − 1.41; average − 5.12 ± 3.95

Magalluf Bay (Mallorca Island, Spain)

March 2001–October 2002

7

NCP

 − 24.7 ± 7.0 to 88.8 ± 6.4

Dissolved oxigen concentration measurements

⁴⁹

GPP**

24.7 ± 5.3 to 173.3 ± 13.4

Bay of Revellata (Corsica, France)

October, 2011

4

NCP

14.75 ± 5.36; 49.96 ± 11.13; 61.67 ± 24.46

Water samples spectrophotometry

⁵⁰

Bay of Calvi (Corsica, France)

November to April, 1978 to 2014

10

NPP***

22.93 ± 1.72*****

Harvest method (Bay, 1984)

⁵¹

Alcanada (Mallorca Island, Spain)

Winter, 2012

4

NPP***

2.74

Dissolved oxygen concentration measurements

⁵²

GPP**

7.84

RR****

 − 5.1

Elba Island (Italy)

May, 2016

13

GPP**

151.4 ± 41.8 and 203.7 ± 50.6******

Eddy covariance instrument

⁵³

RR****

66.4 ± 18.3 and 91.8 ± 22.6******

Bay of Revellata (Corsica, France)

November to December, 2006 to 2016

10

NCP

40 ± 15

Optodes measurements

⁵⁴

Vroulia Bay (Lipsi Island, Greece)

Autumn, 2018 to Spring, 2019

7

GPP**

up to 60*******

PME miniDOT loggers

⁵⁵

NCP

up to 7*******

RR****

up to 50*******