Figure 3

Dynamic multiplier asymmetric effects of climatic variables on HFRS. (a) Multiplier graph for MRH, (b) multiplier graph for AP, (c) multiplier graph for MWV, (d) multiplier graph for ASH, e. multiplier graph for MAP, (f) multiplier graph for MT. Cumulative dynamic multipliers indicated the cumulative effect of meteorological factors on the spread of HFRS over time. These multipliers help in elucidating how changes in meteorological variables influence the incidence of HFRS over a period of time. By capturing the cumulative impact of these variables, researchers can gain insights into the long-term effects of meteorology on the spread of HFRS. For instance, in (a), the red dashed line shows the cumulative asymmetric effect of MRH on HFRS. The coefficient is found to be positive (above 0) and statistically significant at the start of the evolution, and then the value slightly decreased (above 0) when approaching the long-run. Overall, it suggests that an increase in MRH over time is associated with a higher incidence of HFRS. In (b), the red dashed line changed from a negative value to a positive value, showing that a decrease in AP is first linked to a lower incidence of HFRS in the short term, but then the negative short-term asymmetric relationship would transition to a positive long-term asymmetry.