Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the three groups.

From: Regional nigral neuromelanin degeneration in asymptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene carrier using MRI

 

HCs

Asymptomatic LRRK2 Carriers

PD

POST-HOC

POST-HOC

POST-HOC

    

HCs vs LRRK2

HCs vs PD

LRRK2 vs PD

    

p-value

p-value

p-value

Age (Years)

64.4 ± 4.2

67.1 ± 4.8

64.2 ± 6.4

0.098#

0.856

0.087#

Sex (M/F)

16/14

10/5

11/11

   

Duration (Years)

5.25 ± 4.28

MDS-UPDRS I

2.23 ± 3.15

3.33 ± 3.29

10.73 ± 7.26

0.482

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

MDS-UPDRS II

0.13 ± 0.43

0.93 ± 1.87

11.82 ± 5.79

0.465

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

MDS-UPDRS III

1.53 ± 2.42

1.60 ± 2.10

30.77 ± 11.38

0.975

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

MDS-UPDRS IV

0.64 ± 1.87

H&Y scale

2.09 ± 0.65

LEDD (mg)

524.4 ± 301.2

  1. F: female; HCs: healthy controls; H & Y: Hoehn-Yahr disability scale; LEDD: Levodopa equivalent daily doses; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; M: male; PD: Parkinson’s disease; MDS-UPDRS: Movement disorder society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Post-hoc analyses were performed with Fisher's least significant difference corrected for multiple comparisons. * indicates significant p values < 0.05 and # indicates trending p values between 0.05 and 0.09; “–”: not applicable. Values represented as mean ± standard deviation.