Figure 6

Kernel density map of the urban spatial distribution in China during the late Qing Dynasty (A) and the kernel density map of the urban land use area (B) (The map was drawn using ArcGIS 10.2 ESRI, Redlands CA).
Kernel density map of the urban spatial distribution in China during the late Qing Dynasty (A) and the kernel density map of the urban land use area (B) (The map was drawn using ArcGIS 10.2 ESRI, Redlands CA).