Figure 1
Overview of this study and illustrative diagram of the MR core IV assumption. (A) The illustrative diagram of three core instrumental variable assumptions in MR, with the incorporation of the mediators relevant to this study. (B) X, Y and Z represent exposure, mediator, and outcome, respectively. βXY and βXZ are derived using UVMR, while β*XY and βZY are derived using MVMR with mutual adjustments for SHBG and mediator. (C) The study process is divided into four stages, corresponding to the "Study design and process" section. SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, CHD coronary heart disease, CVDs cardiovascular diseases, MR Mendelian randomization, UVMR univariable Mendelian randomization, MVMR multivariable Mendelian randomization, IV instrumental variable, SNPs single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
