Figure 9
From: Soil moisture and soil organic carbon coupled effects in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau, China
Conceptual diagram illustrating the effects of AOs (deep-rooted plants) on RDWD, SMC and SOC. The Wide arrows show the changes of RDWD, SMC and SOC with increasing of orchard age. The white rectangular dotted outline represents the age stage in the apple orchard where the phenomenon occurs. Up (in purple) and down (in red) arrows indicate increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. The black bidirectional arrows represent the interaction of two factors, and the black unidirectional arrows represent the effect of one factor on another factor.
