Table 2 Results of monofactor logistic regression analysis of risk factors for subsequent fractures.

Age (years; mean ± SD)

1.027 (1.020–1.033)

 < 0.001

Comorbidity

No

Reference

Yes

1.393 (1.223–1.586)

 < 0.001

Surgical history

No

Reference

Yes

5.569 (5.083–6.381)

 < 0.001

Trauma history

No

Reference

Yes

11.071 (9.657–12.693)

 < 0.001

Drinking history

Never

Reference

Quit drinking

2.209 (1.137–4.289)

0.019

Yes

1.579 (0.959–2.600)

0.073

Occupation

Unemployed

Reference

Employed

0.778 (0.699–0.866)

 < 0.001

Education

Secondary school or below

Reference

High school

1.197 (1.017–1.410)

0.030

College and above

1.402 (1.106–1.775)

0.005

Marital status

Married or partnered

Reference

Never married

1.171 (0.480–2.861)

0.728

Divorced or widowed

1.532 (1.334–1.758)

 < 0.001

Number of children

 ≥ 3

Reference

2

0.769 (0.684–0.866)

 < 0.001

1

0.713 (0.613–0.829)

 < 0.001

0

0.772 (0.390–1.530)

0.459

Fracture site (prior)

Other

Reference

Vertebral

2.117 (1.786–2.511)

 < 0.001

Hip

1.658 (1.388–1.979)

 < 0.001

Cause of fracture (prior)

Slight strike

Reference

Fall

3.162 (2.332–4.287)

 < 0.001

Strain

2.085 (1.613–2.696)

 < 0.001

No inducement

2.662 (1.910–3.710)

 < 0.001

Other

1.598 (1.269–2.011)

 < 0.001

BMD T-score

 > -2.5

Reference

 ≤ -2.5

2.163 (1.856–2.522)

 < 0.001

Unknown

1.176 (1.003–1.377)

0.045

Fall risk assessment

Not evaluated

Reference

Low risk

0.712 (0.557–0.911)

0.007

Moderate risk

1.300 (1.076–1.572)

0.007

High risk

1.539 (1.359–1.741)

 < 0.001

Fracture risk assessment

Not evaluated

Reference

Low risk

0.712 (0.278–1.823)

0.478

Moderate risk

1.006 (0.585–1.728)

0.984

High risk

2.644 (2.169–3.222)

 < 0.001

Walking aids

No

Reference

Yes

1.207 (1.083–1.345)

0.001

Use of AOM

No

Reference

Yes

0.705 (0.633–0.785)

 < 0.001

Use of calcium or vitamin D

No

Reference

Yes

0.665 (0.587–0.754)

 < 0.001

Fall prevention health education

No

Reference

Yes

0.814 (0.675–0.981)

0.031