Table 3 Trend analysis of each muscle according to arm movement either in the surgical neck or greater tuberosity model.

From: Optimal immobilization position for conservative treatment of proximal humerus fractures by fracture type: a biomechanical cadaveric study

 

Arm movement

Mean ± SD (N)

Standard J-T Statistic

Trend P-value

Pectoralis major muscle, clavicular head

ER 0°–30°

1.0 ± 0.4

5.252

 < 0.001

ER 0°–60°

2.0 ± 0.7

ER 0°–90°

3.7 ± 1.0

Pectoralis major muscle, sternocostal head

ER 0°–30°

1.4 ± 0.6

5.295

 < 0.001

ER 0°–60°

2.7 ± 0.9

ER 0°–90°

4.6 ± 1.3

Supraspinatus muscle

Abd 45°–30°

0.5 ± 0.3

6.006

 < 0.001

Abd 45°–15°

1.2 ± 0.3

Abd 45°–0°

2.2 ± 0.4

Infraspinatus muscle

IR 0°–30°

1.4 ± 0.5

4.990

 < 0.001

IR 0°–60°

2.5 ± 0.9

IR 0°–90°

3.8 ± 1.4

  1. The values are presented as mean and standard deviation. ER External rotation, Abd Abduction, IR Internal rotation.
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