Table 2 Relationship between osteoporosis/spinal degenerative changes and low back pain.

From: Osteoporosis, spinal degenerative disorders, and their association with low back pain, activities of daily living, and physical performance in a general population

Predictors

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

Cervical cord compression

1.31

0.97–1.76

0.0742

1.27

0.94–1.73

0.1210

1.25

0.91–1.71

0.1743

rLSS

1.74

1.32–2.30

< 0.0001*

1.67

1.25–2.24

0.0006*

1.57

1.16–2.11

0.0034*

LDD

1.12

1.07–1.18

< 0.0001*

1.11

1.05–1.18

0.0005*

1.10

1.03–1.17

0.0027*

Vertebral fractures

1.13

1.05–1.22

0.0013*

1.13

1.04–1.24

0.0043*

1.11

1.01–1.21

0.0321*

Osteoporosis

1.22

0.92–1.63

0.1718

1.32

0.94–1.85

0.1116

1.26

0.88–1.81

0.2085

  1. Multiple regression analysis was performed with low back pain as objective variables and image evaluation parameters (all predictors in the left column) as explanatory variables.
  2. Model 1: Unadjusted.
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index.
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for the other predictors (cervical cord compression, rLSS, LDD, vertebral fractures, osteoporosis) and sex, age, and body mass index.
  5. CI, confidence interval; LDD, lumbar disc degeneration; rLSS, radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis.
  6. *P < 0.05.
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