Figure 2
From: Intratumoral microbiome of adenoid cystic carcinomas and comparison with other head and neck cancers
Grouping of ACC intratumoral microbiomes according to bacterial community type and abundance. (A) Bacterial species significantly associated with overall survival. (B) Grouping and ordering of ACCs according to the abundances of species associated with survival. The studied ACCs were subdivided into 2 groups: B. theta-positive and -negative. The former group was ordered by the sum of 3 OS-positive species abundances, from max to min, and the latter by B. theta abundance, from min to max. The B. theta-positive group of ACC tumors was dominated by the molecular subtype ACC-II, while the ACC-I subtype was significantly more common in B. theta-negative ACCs. (C) Association of B. theta− and B.theta + tumors with the age of the ACC patient. (D) Association of B. theta− and B.theta + tumors with ACC patient survival. (E) Supervised hierarchical clustering of the 54 most common spp. identified in ACCs reveals oral- and gut-type bacterial communities associated with B. theta-negative and -positive tumor groups, respectively. The oral-type bacterial community is enriched with common oral species, while the gut-type community is enriched with species that are common in the human gut. (F,G) Grouping of ACC intratumoral microbiomes according to oral and gut community abundances and associations of the groups according to richness; OH: high abundance of oral species, OL: low abundance of oral species, GH: high abundance of gut species, GL: low abundance of gut species. The OH and GL microbiomes had significantly greater richness than did the OL and GL microbiomes. (H) Permutational multivariate analysis of variance confirmed significant differences in the microbial composition of the proposed intratumoral microbiome groups (OH, OL, GH, and GL). (I) Significant association of the bacterial community taxonomic structure at the phylum level with the proposed grouping of the intratumoral microbiome in the ACC. Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Fusobacteriota were more abundant in the B. theta-negative group, while the phyla Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, and Cyanobacteria were more abundant in B. theta + tumors.
