Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants.

From: The association between TSH and thyroid hormones in the normal or subclinical dysfunction range with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Variables

Total (N = 26,289)

Normal thyroid (N = 22,197)

SC-hypothyroid (N = 3,671)

SC-thyrotoxicosis (N = 421)

P value (ANOVA)

Age, years

55.7 ± 9.7

55.4 ± 9.7

57.0 ± 10.0***

57.0 ± 9.9**

 < 0.001

Male, N (%)

18,600 (70.8)

16,200 (73.0)

2166 (59.0)***

234 (55.6)***

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

24.3 ± 2.9

24.4 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 2.9***

23.9 ± 2.8*

 < 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

Male: 87.9 ± 7.7

87.9 ± 7.7

87.9 ± 8.1

87.1 ± 7.1

0.268

Female: 80.4 ± 8.2

80.4 ± 8.2

80.4 ± 8.4

80.2 ± 7.9

0.921

Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL

98.7 ± 19.7

98.8 ± 19.9

97.8 ± 18.4**

98.5 ± 19.8

0.011

HbA1c, %

5.72 ± 0.76

5.72 ± 0.76

5.70 ± 0.74

5.68 ± 0.66

0.207

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

197.0 ± 35.1

196.9 ± 35.0

198.4 ± 35.4*

190.8 ± 36.0**

 < 0.001

Triglycerides, mg/dL

130.8 ± 77.7

131.1 ± 77.9

130.0 ± 76.4

126.6 ± 72.9

0.402

HDL-C, mg/dL

53.76 ± 14.1

53.5 ± 14.1

54.2 ± 14.2*

54.7 ± 16.0

0.007

LDL-C, mg/dL

124.1 ± 31.0

124.0 ± 30.9

125.3 ± 31.3*

117.3 ± 31.6***

 < 0.001

HS C-reactive protein, mg/dL

0.06 (0.03–0.11)

0.06 (0.03–0.12)

0.05 (0.03–0.11)

0.06 (0.03–0.11)

0.106

Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73m2

83.3 ± 14.3

83.7 ± 14.2

80.5 ± 14.5***

87.5 ± 14.5***

 < 0.001

Diabetes, N (%)

3444 (13.1)

2946 (13.3)

453 (12.3)

45 (10.7)*

0.032

Dyslipidemia, N (%)

10,106 (38.4)

8580 (38.7)

1380 (37.6)

146 (34.7)*

0.045

Current smoking, N (%)

6354 (24.2)

5471 (24.6)

797 (21.7)***

86 (20.4)***

 < 0.001

Systolic BP, mmHg

121.9 ± 16.9

121.8 ± 16.9

122.1 ± 17.0

122.7 ± 16.3

0.449

Diastolic BP, mmHg

76.1 ± 10.8

76.3 ± 10.8

75.0 ± 11.0***

74.4 ± 10.5**

 < 0.001

Hypertension, N (%)

10,032 (38.2)

8504 (38.3)

1373 (37.4)

155 (36.8)

0.254

Medication of hypertension, yes, N (%)

6854 (26.1)

5795 (26.1)

952 (25.9)*

107 (25.4)*

0.001

Medication of dyslipidemia, yes, N (%)

2162 (8.2)

1856 (8.4)

274 (7.5)**

32 (7.6)*

0.001

Medication of diabetes, yes, N (%)

2149 (8.2)

1833 (8.3)

291 (7.9)**

25 (5.9)*

0.001

Thyroid function tests

TSH, µIU/ml

2.22 (1.43–3.30)

1.99 (1.37–2.77)

5.36 (4.64–6.70)***

0.18 (0.06–0.32)***

 < 0.001

FT4, ng/dL

1.26 ± 0.19

1.26 ± 0.18

1.19 ± 0.18***

1.39 ± 0.25***

 < 0.001

T3, ng/dL

115.5 ± 18.9

115.3 ± 18.7

116.1 ± 19.7

119.7 ± 23.1***

 < 0.001

  1. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation, interquartile range, or number (percentage).
  2. BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HS high-sensitivity, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, FT4 free thyroxine, T3 triiodothyronine, SC subclinical, ANOVA analysis of variance.
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 for comparing the euthyroid group.
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