Table 1 Effects of thiourea applications on plant physiological parameters in wheat varieties under drought stress.

From: Mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through foliar application of sulfhydryl thiourea

Drought

Thiourea

Varieties

WP (-MPa)

RWC (%)

PN (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1)

TR (mmol m−2 s−1)

GS (mol H2O m−2 s−1)

CHLa (mg g−1 fw)

CHLb (mg g−1 fw)

D0

TU0

V1

0.84 ± 0.002e

52.3 ± 0.23f.

8.85 ± 0.009h

2.58 ± 0.003g

0.171 ± 0.001h

1.03 ± 0.02fg

0.74 ± 0.01fgh

TU0

V2

0.82 ± 0.002f

54.0 ± 0.39ef

9.21 ± 0.01g

2.67 ± 0.004f.

0.181 ± 0.001g

1.13 ± 0.03ef

0.78 ± 0.01efg

TU0

V3

0.79 ± 0.001g

55.8 ± 0.38e

9.44 ± 0.01f

2.72 ± 0.001f

0.212 ± 0.000f

1.29 ± 0.02d

0.82 ± 0.01def

TU0

V4

0.75 ± 0.001hi

58.1 ± 0.20d

10.1 ± 0.00e

2.81 ± 0.07e

0.236 ± 0.001e

1.40 ± 0.03cd

0.92 ± 0.02bcd

TU1

V1

0.67 ± 0.002k

43.8 ± 0.41j

10.7 ± 0.01d

3.73 ± 0.01d

0.284 ± 0.002d

1.27 ± 0.02de

0.87 ± 0.01cde

TU1

V2

0.65 ± 0.002l

45.9 ± 0.40i

11.3 ± 0.009c

3.98 ± 0.01c

0.305 ± 0.002c

1.46 ± 0.02bc

0.96 ± 0.01bc

TU1

V3

0.64 ± 0.001l

47.h ± 0.23i

11.7 ± 0.01b

4.10 ± 0.008b

0.319 ± 0.001b

1.56 ± 0.02b

1.02 ± 0.02ab

TU1

V4

0.60 ± 0.001d

50.1 ± 0.13g

12.2 ± 0.008a

4.31 ± 0.02a

0.349 ± 0.000a

1.76 ± 0.06a

1.12 ± 0.04a

D1

TU0

V1

1.01 ± 0.0005a

59.7 ± 0.31d

6.10 ± 0.01n

1.96 ± 0.001k

0.093 ± 0.001k

0.76 ± 0.01i

0.49 ± 0.01k

TU0

V2

0.99 ± 0.001b

62.1 ± 0.42c

6.46 ± 0.006m

2.07 ± 0.005j

0.096 ± 0.003k

0.86 ± 0.01hi

0.55 ± 0.02ik

TU0

V3

0.97 ± 0.001c

64.5 ± 0.12b

6.79 ± 0.01l

2.28 ± 0.003i

0.097 ± 0.001k

0.95 ± 0.01gh

0.63 ± 0.00ij

TU0

V4

0.89 ± 0.005d

67.2 ± 0.22a

7.56 ± 0.02k

2.41 ± 0.006h

0.099 ± 0.004k

1.06 ± 0.00fg

0.74 ± 0.01fghi

TU1

V1

0.78 ± 0.001g

48.4 ± 0.39gh

8.25 ± 0.003j

2.43 ± 0.009h

0.133 ± 0.003j

0.94 ± 0.01gh

0.64 ± 0.00hij

TU1

V2

0.76 ± 0.001h

50.2 ± 0.86g

8.50 ± 0.008i

2.54 ± 0.01g

0.135 ± 0.001ij

1.01 ± 0.02fg

0.71 ± 0.01ghi

TU1

V3

0.75 ± 0.002i

52.3 ± 0.10f

8.87 ± 0.009h

2.69 ± 0.005f

0.137 ± 0.001ij

1.12 ± 0.03ef

0.78 ± 0.01efg

TU1

V4

0.68 ± 0.003j

54.5 ± 0.36e

9.45 ± 0.003f

2.78 ± 0.009e

0.141 ± 0.001i

1.29 ± 0.02d

0.86 ± 0.02cde

  1. V1 = Punjab-2011, V2 = Galaxy-2013, V3 = Ujala-2016, and V4 = Anaaj-2017, drought stress; D0 = control-85% field capacity (FC) and D1 = drought stress-45% FC at vegetative stage, and TU applications; TU0 = control-no TU and TU1 = foliar TU application @ 500 mg L−1. WP = water potential, RWC = relative water content, PN = photosynthetic rate, TR = transpiration rate, GS = stomatal conductance. According to the Tukey HSD test, values for a parameter that has the same case letter do not differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Values represent the average of three replicates per treatment ± SE (Standard error). Each parameter was taken twice with an interval of 1 week at the 4th and 5th week after sowing and averaged.
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