Table 1 The GWAS summary data in this Mendelian randomization study.

Year	Trait	Population	Cases	Controls	Samplesize	Websource
2022	Schizophrenia	European	76,755	243,649	320,404	10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5
2021	BD	European	41,917	371,549	413,466	10.1038/s41588-021-00857-4
2019	MDD	European	246,363	561,190	807,553	10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7
2023	ADHD	European	38,691	186,843	225,534	10.1038/s41588-022-01285-8
2017	ASD	European	7387	8567	15,954	10.1186/s13229-017-0137-9
2019	PD	European	2248	7992	10,240	10.1038/s41380-019-0590-2
2021	EC	European	196	456,080	456,276	10.1038/s41588-021-00954-4
2021	GC	European	145	456,203	456,348	10.1038/s41588-021-00954-4
2021	CRC	European	636	455,640	456,276	10.1038/s41588-021-00954-4

GWAS genome-wide association studies, BD bipolar disorder, MDD major depressive disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder, PD panic disorder, EC esophagus cancer, GC gastric cancer, CRC colorectal cancer.

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