Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Metformin enhances the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from human periodontal ligament stem cells on periodontitis

Fig. 3

Identification and internalization of EVs and M-EVs. (A) Morphology of EVs under transmission electron microscopy (scale bar, 100 nm). (B) EVs’ surface markers (CD63 and CD81) and negative marker (Calnexin) were detected by western blotting. All PVDF bands are transferred and tested in the same Wb experiment. (C) The size distribution profile of EVs and M-EVs was identified by nanoparticle analysis. (D) Quantitative analysis of the total protein concentration of EVs and M-EVs by a BCA protein assay (n = 3). (E) Fluorescence microscopy analysis of PKH26-labeled EVs (red) internalized by PDLSCs. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) for counterstaining (scale bar, 20 μm). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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