Fig. 3

Changes in ROS production in liver and muscle from nMig. to Mig. transition. Redheaded buntings were held under SD (nMig. condition) and transferred to LD on day 0. Liver and pectoralis muscles were isolated from nMig., and Mig. buntings held on day 16. Single-cell suspensions isolated from liver and muscles of nMig. and Mig. buntings were stained with CM-H2DCFDA stain and analysed by flow cytometry. The flow cytometry histogram represents ROS levels during nMig. and Mig. day in liver (a,b) and muscles (g,h), respectively. Relative mRNA expression levels of various genes in liver and muscle was quantified by SYBR Green method. The relative mRNA expression levels for SIRT1, SOD1, NOS2 and PRX4 in liver (c–f) and muscle (i–l) during nMig. and Mig. have been shown. Bar with cyan colour is for nMig. and red for Mig.; solid and pattern bar represent day and night sampling. Horizontal bar with asterisk represents groups with significant difference (p < 0.05, Tukey’s post hoc test). Data is presented as mean ± S.E.M. n = 6 in each group.