Fig. 6

Average QRA index from Temperature JJA seasonal means for CMIP5-RCP8.5 (A, B) and CMIP6-SSP5-8.5 (C, D). The list of CMIP5 models is shown below frame (B), respectively CMIP6 models below frame (D). Ensemble-Mean Filtered (blue marker) refers to the mean over all models excluding models in ECS > 4.7 ℃, upper 10th percentile (red markers), and lower 10th percentile (green markers).