Fig. 3

Simultaneous electrical stimulation of the MPG and PN triggers reflexive urination. (A) Experimental scheme for electrical stimulation of the MPG and PN while simultaneously monitoring intravesical pressure (IVP) and EUS-EMG. (B) Timeline for experimental procedures. The MPG electrical stimulation lasted for 2 s (25 Hz, 1 V). PN electrical stimulation (IPG electrical stimulation) began 1 s after MPG stimulation and lasted for 5.3 s. (C) Representative IVP traces (top) and time-locked EUS-EMG signals (bottom) for each group. Each voiding event is denoted with an asterisk. (D) Enlarged view of the dashed line boxes in panel (C). (E) Success rate of electrical stimulation at two peripheral nerve sites (TPNS) inducing urination, Stimulation, Stim. n = 9 mice. (F) Quantification of the time interval between the initiation of IVP oscillations and the onset of EUS-EMG bursting activity. n = 9 mice for each group. Student’s t-test (two-tailed, paired). (G) Quantification of the variation in IVP (∆P) during urination in each group. n = 9 mice. Wilcoxon test (two-tailed, paired). (H) Time–frequency curve after performing spectral analysis of the EUS-EMG data from panel (D). (I) Comparison of the root mean square (RMS) of EUS-EMG data obtained from each group. n = 9 mice . Wilcoxon test (two-tailed, paired).