Table 1 Characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease and age- and sex-coarsened-matched healthy individuals.
Healthy individuals | CAD patients | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | Males | Females | Males | |
Participants, n (%) | 38 (22.9) | 82 (49.4) | 4 (2.4) | 42 (25.3) |
Anthropometry, mean (SD) | ||||
Age (years) | 73.3 (4.6) | 64.9 (15.9) | 67.3 (12.2) | 65.5 (14.3) |
Body fat mass (%) | 29.5 (7.4) | 25.7 (7.4) | 39.8 (2.2) | 28.6 (5.3) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.6 (3.3) | 23.6 (2.7) | 27.8 (5.0) | 27.6 (3.6) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 (14) | 128 (14) | 139 (17) | 127 (15) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 (11) | 78 (9) | 82 (16) | 78 (10) |
Cardiorespiratory fitness and PA levels, mean (SD) | ||||
VO2peak (mL/min/kg) | 24.8 (4.5) | 31.7 (9.7) | 16.3 (2.8) | 22.7 (6.3) |
Daily total PA (min/day) | 253.2 (88.5) | 259.0 (77.0) | 261.5 (76.6) | 206.1 (92.1) |
Daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day) | 140.9 (63.9) | 156.1 (58.0) | 136.2 (36.8) | 117.6 (65.8) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
Never smoked | 26 (15.7) | 54 (32.5) | 3 (1.8) | 17 (10.2) |
Ex-smokers (quit > 10 years ago) | 12 (7.2) | 28 (16.9) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (4.2) |
Ex-smokers (quit < 10 years ago) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (5.4) |
Active smokers | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.6) |
Missing information | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.8) |
Biochemical parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
Fasting time prior to blood sampling (h) | 6.6 (2.7) | 6.8 (3.4) | 8.8 (5.7) | 8.1 (5.1) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.8 (1.2) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.9) |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.5) |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.2) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.6) | 2.7 (2.0) | 1.5 (0.8) |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 6.0 (0.7) |
Number of affected coronary arteries, n (%) | ||||
None | 38 (22.9) | 82 (49.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Single-vessel | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 12 (7.2) |
Double-vessel | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (7.2) |
Triple-vessel | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.8) | 15 (9.0) |
Missing information | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.8) |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, n (%) | ||||
Normal | 38 (22.9) | 82 (49.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Preserved (≥ 50%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 20 (12.0) |
Mildly reduced (41–49%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 11 (6.6) |
Reduced (≤ 40%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 11 (6.6) |
Cardiometabolic medications, n (%) | ||||
Anticoagulants or antiplatelets | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | 42 (25.3) |
Low-dose Aspirin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | 36 (21.7) |
Antihypertensives | 6 (3.4) | 19 (10.9) | 4 (2.3) | 42 (25.3) |
ACEI/ARB | 6 (3.4) | 16 (9.2) | 3 (1.7) | 37 (22.3) |
Calcium antagonist | 1 (0.6) | 5 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 7 (4.2) |
Betablocker | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (1.7) | 36 (21.7) |
Lipid-lowering agents | 3 (1.7) | 6 (3.4) | 4 (2.3) | 41 (24.7) |
Statins | 3 (1.7) | 6 (3.4) | 4 (2.3) | 40 (24.1) |
Antidiabetic drugs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (6.0) |
Oral antidiabetic drugs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (4.8) |
Insulins | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (3.0) |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate categories, n (%) | ||||
G1: normal or high | 15 (39.5%) | 13 (15.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7.1%) |
G2: mildly decreased | 19 (50.0%) | 58 (70.7%) | 3 (75.0%) | 16 (38.1%) |
G3a: mildly to moderately decreased | 3 (7.9%) | 9 (11.0%) | 1 (25.0%) | 17 (40.5%) |
G3b: moderately to severely decreased | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7.1%) |
G4: severely decreased | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.8%) |
G5: kidney failure | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.4%) |
