Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Single and joint exposure of Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, and Zn were associated with cognitive function of older adults

Fig. 2

Selection of confounders factors in Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). Note: The left-most column in the figure represented the independent variables, the middle column represented the confounders, and the right-most column represented the outcome variables. The solid line represented the association of confounders with the independent and dependent variables. The dashed line represented that we speculated about an association based on previous literature.

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