Table 3 Differences of demographic and clinical characteristics between different frailty grades in HD participants (n = 408).

From: Prevalence and risk factors of pre-frailty and frailty in hemodialysis patients in central China

Variables

Total (n = 408)

Robust(n = 144)

Pre-frailty (n = 107)

Frailty (n = 157)

p

Statistic

Sex, n (%)

    

0.293

2.457

Male

216 (52.9)

78 (54.2)

62 (57.9)

76 (48.4)

  

Female

192 (47.1)

66 (45.8)

45 (42.1)

81 (51.6)

  

Age(years), Median (IQR)

59.0 (47.0, 69.0)

56.0 (46.0, 66.0)

57.0 (42.0, 67.5)

63.0 (53.0, 74.0)

< 0.001***

19.578

Age(years), n (%)

    

0.001**

13.327

< 60

210 (51.5)

86 (59.7)

61 (57)

63 (40.1)

  

≥ 60

198 (48.5)

58 (40.3)

46 (43)

94 (59.9)

  

Height(cm), Median (IQR)

165.0 (160.0, 170.0)

165.0 (160.0, 170.0)

167.0 (159.0, 172.0)

165.0 (158.0, 170.0)

0.202

3.197

Weight(kg), Median (IQR)

61.10 (53.0, 69.0)

60.0 (52.0, 68.1)

61.5 (54.0, 70.8)

62.0 (53.4, 68.1)

0.447

1.611

Religion, n (%)

    

0.239

Fisher

Yes

9 ( 2.2)

1 (0.7)

2 (1.9)

6 (3.8)

  

No

399 (97.8)

143 (99.3)

105 (98.1)

151 (96.2)

  

Marry status, n (%)

    

0.206

3.164

Married

339 (83.1)

122 (84.7)

83 (77.6)

134 (85.4)

  

Single/Divorced/Widowed

69 (16.9)

22 (15.3)

24 (22.4)

23 (14.6)

  

With children, n (%)

    

0.001**

13.291

Yes

359 (88.0)

126 (87.5)

85 (79.4)

148 (94.3)

  

No

49 (12.0)

18 (12.5)

22 (20.6)

9 (5.7)

  

Education level, n (%)

    

0.069

5.339

Elementary school and below

223 (54.7)

71 (49.3)

55 (51.4)

97 (61.8)

  

Abover elementary school

185 (45.3)

73 (50.7)

52 (48.6)

60 (38.2)

  

Residential situation, n (%)

    

0.927

0.151

With family

366 (89.7)

130 (90.3)

95 (88.8)

141 (89.8)

  

Others

42 (10.3)

14 (9.7)

12 (11.2)

16 (10.2)

  

Employment, n (%)

    

0.497

1.398

Yes

47 (11.5)

20 (13.9)

12 (11.2)

15 (9.6)

  

No

361 (88.5)

124 (86.1)

95 (88.8)

142 (90.4)

  

Monthly household income(yuan), n (%)

    

0.048*

6.084

≤ 3000

216 (52.9)

65 (45.1)

58 (54.2)

93 (59.2)

  

> 3000

192 (47.1)

79 (54.9)

49 (45.8)

64 (40.8)

  

Smoking status, n (%)

    

0.002**

12.353

Smokers/quit smokers

118 (28.9)

27 (18.8)

33 (30.8)

58 (36.9)

  

Never

290 (71.1)

117 (81.2)

74 (69.2)

99 (63.1)

  

Drinking status, n (%)

    

0.107

4.462

Drinkkers/quit drinkers

145 (35.5)

42 (29.2)

39 (36.4)

64 (40.8)

  

Never

263 (64.5)

102 (70.8)

68 (63.6)

93 (59.2)

  

Exercise, n (%)

    

< 0.001***

19.931

No

295 (72.3)

91 (63.2)

71 (66.4)

133 (84.7)

  

Yes

113 (27.7)

53 (36.8)

36 (33.6)

24 (15.3)

  

Dialysis duration, n (%)

    

0.141

3.919

< 5years

269 (65.9)

97 (67.4)

77 (72)

95 (60.5)

  

≥ 5years

139 (34.1)

47 (32.6)

30 (28)

62 (39.5)

  

Dialysis frequency, n (%)

    

0.576

2.890

Twice a week

50 (12.3)

19 (13.2)

11 (10.3)

20 (12.7)

  

three times a week

231 (56.6)

78 (54.2)

58 (54.2)

95 (60.5)

  

five times two weeks

127 (31.1)

47 (32.6)

38 (35.5)

42 (26.8)

  

Falls, n (%)

    

< 0.001***

27.737

Yes

63 (15.4)

6 (4.2)

16 (15)

41 (26.1)

  

No

345 (84.6)

138 (95.8)

91 (85)

116 (73.9)

  

Vascular access, n (%)

    

0.002**

16.431

Arteriovenous fistula

324 (79.4)

124 (86.1)

89 (83.2)

111 (70.7)

  

Artificial blood vessels

38 ( 9.3)

11 (7.6)

4 (3.7)

23 (14.6)

  

Central venous catheter

46 (11.3)

9 (6.2)

14 (13.1)

23 (14.6)

  

Hypertension, n (%)

    

0.240

2.851

Yes

338 (82.8)

124 (86.1)

90 (84.1)

124 (79)

  

No

70 (17.2)

20 (13.9)

17 (15.9)

33 (21)

  

Diabetes, n (%)

    

< 0.001***

18.632

Yes

139 (34.1)

34 (23.6)

32 (29.9)

73 (46.5)

  

No

269 (65.9)

110 (76.4)

75 (70.1)

84 (53.5)

  

Heart disease, n (%)

    

< 0.001***

18.972

Yes

110 (27.0)

22 (15.3)

29 (27.1)

59 (37.6)

  

No

298 (73.0)

122 (84.7)

78 (72.9)

98 (62.4)

  

Cerebral disease, n (%)

    

< 0.001***

24.991

Yes

26 ( 6.4)

2 (1.4)

2 (1.9)

22 (14)

  

No

382 (93.6)

142 (98.6)

105 (98.1)

135 (86)

  

Other diseases, n (%)

    

0.361

2.037

Yes

38 ( 9.3)

14 (9.7)

13 (12.1)

11 (7)

  

No

370 (90.7)

130 (90.3)

94 (87.9)

146 (93)

  

Confrontation, Median (IQR)

24.0 (21.0, 26.0)

24.0 (22.0, 26.0)

24.0 (21.0, 26.0)

24.0 (21.0, 25.0)

0.669

0.803

Avoidance, Median (IQR)

12.0 (12.0, 14.0)

12.0 (12.0, 14.0)

12.0 (11.0, 13.0)

13.0 (12.0, 14.0)

0.176

3.476

Resignation, Median (IQR)

14.0 (13.0, 16.0)

14.0 (13.0, 16.0)

14.0 (13.0, 16.0)

15.0 (13.0, 16.0)

0.011*

9.068

Psychological resilience, Median (IQR)

23.0 (20.0, 30.0)

26.0 (20.0, 30.0)

22.0 (19.5, 30.0)

22.0 (19.0, 30.0)

< 0.001***

15.213

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
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