Fig. 1

The crop planting region and sub-regions in Yunnan. The green, yellow, and red lines represent the average production (104Â Mg) of rice, wheat, and maize in Yunnan province from 2002 to 2021, respectively. Data for crops production were obtained from the NBSC25 from 2002 to 2021. The map was constructed using ArcMap 10.8 software (Esri, Redlands, CA) (available at: http://www.esri.com/ ).