Fig. 2

Differences in the Omicron BA.1 protein-specific antibody levels and gut microbiome between the PLWH_LR and PLWH_HR groups used for metagenomic sequencing. (A) Omicron BA.1 protein-specific antibody levels as illustrated by OD₄₅₀ values. Comparisons between PLWH_HR and PLWH_LR groups were made using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (B) Difference in beta diversity (in PCoA plots based on Bray-Curtis) between the PLWH_LR and PLWH_HR groups. P values are obtained using PERMANOVA. (C, D) Relative abundance of bacterial phyla (C) and species (D) based on median values. (E) LEfSe analysis for key discriminative species with LDA scores on the log₁₀ scale > 2 between the two groups. PLWH_LR, n = 24; PLWH_HR, n = 16; ns, P > 0.05; ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05.