Table 1 Characteristics of participants with or without Cardiometabolic diseases.
Characteristic | Total population (N = 438681) | Number of CMDs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No(N = 363625) | One(N = 66324) | Two(N = 8318) | Three(N = 414) | ||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 56.51(8.08) | 55.73(8.10) | 60.04(6.97) | 61.71(6.06) | 62.24(5.69) |
Sex, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 239,091(54.50) | 210,973(58.02) | 25,579(38.57) | 2435(29.27) | 104(25.12) |
Male | 199,590(45.50) | 152,652(41.98) | 40,745(61.43) | 5883(70.73) | 310(74.88) |
Race/ethnicity, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
White | 414,781(94.55) | 344,941(94.86) | 62,036(93.53) | 7438(89.42) | 366(88.41) |
Asian | 9352(2.13) | 6768(1.86) | 2050(3.09) | 509(6.12) | 25(6.04) |
Black | 6794(1,55) | 5559(1.53) | 1059(1.60) | 169(2.03) | 7(1.69) |
Other | 6354(1.45) | 5234(1.44) | 945(1.42) | 161(1.94) | 14(3.38) |
Missing | 1400(0.32) | 1123(0.31) | 234(0.35) | 41(0.49) | 2(0.48) |
Occupation status, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Employed | 257,444(58.69) | 226,329(62.24) | 28,551(43.05) | 2505(30.12) | 59(14.25) |
Unemployed | 31,835(7.26) | 24,424(6.72) | 6016(9.07) | 1289(15.50) | 106(25.60) |
Retired | 145,660(33.20) | 109,807(30.20) | 31,157(46.98) | 4452(53.52) | 244(58.94) |
Missing | 3742(0.85) | 3065(0.84) | 600(0.90) | 72(0.87) | 5(1.21) |
Education level, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
College or University | 141,860(32.34) | 123,544(33.98) | 16,623(25.06) | 1615(19.42) | 78(18.84) |
A level/AS level or equivalent | 49,209(11.22) | 42,384(11.66) | 6132(9.25) | 673(8.09) | 20(4.83) |
O level/GCSEs or equivalent | 95,155(21.69) | 80,020(22.01) | 13,444(20.27) | 1619(19.46) | 72(17.39) |
Professional Qualifications | 76,016(17.33) | 61,687(16.96) | 12,637(19.05) | 1627(19.56) | 65(15.70) |
None of the above | 69,280(15.79) | 50,455(13.88) | 16,081(24.25) | 2573(30.93) | 171(41.30) |
Missing | 7161(1.63) | 5535(1.52) | 1407(2.12) | 211(2.54) | 8(43.24) |
TDI, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 80,275(18.30) | 63,050(17.34) | 14,565(21.96) | 2491(29.95) | 169(40.82) |
Medium | 130,756(29.81) | 108,356(29.80) | 19,754(29.78) | 2532(30.44) | 114(27.54) |
High | 227,151(51.78) | 191,803(52.75) | 31,927(48.14) | 3290(39.55) | 131(31.64) |
Missing | 499(0.11) | 416(0.11) | 78(0.12) | 5(0.06) | 0(0.00) |
BMI (kg/m2), n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 18.5 | 2272(0.52) | 2052(0.56) | 200(0.30) | 20(0.24) | 0(0.00) |
18.5–24.9 | 143,735(32.77) | 129,391(35.58) | 13,464(20.30) | 847(10.18) | 33(7.97) |
25-29.9 | 186,225(42.45) | 154,297(42.43) | 28,811(43.44) | 3004(36.11) | 113(27.29) |
≥ 30 | 104,323(23.78) | 76,336(20.99) | 23,388(35.26) | 4337(52.14) | 262(63.29) |
Missing | 2126(0.48) | 1549(0.43) | 461(0.70) | 110(1.32) | 6(1.45) |
APOE Ƹ4 genotype, n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
No | 323,909(73.84) | 268,410(73.82) | 49,023(73.91) | 6155(74.00) | 321(77.54) |
Yes | 102,847(23.44) | 85,460(23.50) | 15,423(23.25) | 1883(22.64) | 81(19.57) |
Missing | 11,925(2.72) | 9755(2.68) | 1878(2.83) | 280(3.37) | 12(2.90) |
Hypertension status, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 268,504(61.21) | 239,021(65.73) | 27,554(41.54) | 1875(22.54) | 54(13.04) |
Yes | 170,177(38.79) | 124,604(34.27) | 38,770(58.46) | 6443(77.46) | 360(86.96) |
Depressive status, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 333,544(76.03) | 274,260(75.42) | 52,322(78.89) | 6629(79.69) | 333(80.43) |
Yes | 105,137(23.97) | 89,365(24.58) | 14,002(21.11) | 1689(20.31) | 81(19.57) |
Dyslipidemia, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 364,693(83.13) | 308,945(84.96) | 50,322(75.87) | 5184(62.32) | 242(58.45) |
Yes | 73,988(16.87) | 54,680(15.04) | 16,002(24.13) | 3134(37.68) | 172(41.55) |
Hypertriglyceridemia, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 275,318(62.76) | 235,779(64.84) | 35,411(53.39) | 3945(47.43) | 183(44.20) |
Yes | 163,363(37.24) | 127,846(35.16) | 30,913(46.61) | 4373(52.57) | 231(55.80) |
Serum 25(OH)D status, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Severely deficient | 47,813(10.90) | 37,845(10.41) | 8407(12.68) | 1476(17.74) | 85(20.53) |
Moderately deficient | 162,302(37.00) | 133,753(36.78) | 25,012(37.71) | 3362(40.42) | 175(42.27) |
Insufficient and above | 181,575(41.39) | 152,776(42.01) | 25,988(39.18) | 2700(32.46) | 111(26.81) |
Missing | 46,991(10.71) | 39,251(10.79) | 6917(10.43) | 780(9.38) | 43(10.39) |
Lipid-lowering medication usage, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 365,619(83.35) | 328,091(90.23) | 35,740(53.89) | 1745(20.98) | 43(10.39) |
Yes | 73,062(16.65) | 35,534(9.77) | 30,584(46.11) | 6573(79.02) | 371(89.61) |
Aspirin use status, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 380,755(86.80) | 335,222(92.19) | 42,199(63.63) | 3213(38.63) | 121(29.23) |
Yes | 57,926(13.20) | 28,403(7.81) | 24,125(36.37) | 5105(61.37) | 293(70.77) |
Healthy lifestyle score | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
0–1 | 5673(1.29) | 4303(1.18) | 1149(1.73) | 204(2.45) | 17(4.11) |
2–3 | 126,723(28.89) | 100,912(27.75) | 22,240(33.53) | 3370(40.51) | 201(48.55) |
4 | 130,806(29.82) | 108,162(29.75) | 20,032(30.20) | 2486(29.89) | 126(30.43) |
5–7 | 175,479(40.00) | 150,248(41.32) | 22,903(34.53) | 2258(27.15) | 70(16.91) |
Ambient air pollution, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 136,374(31.09) | 114,967(31.62) | 19,358(29.19) | 1965(23.62) | 84(20.29) |
Medium | 158,524(36.14) | 130,936(36.01) | 24,318(36.67) | 3122(37.53) | 148(35.75) |
High | 143,783(32.78) | 117,722(32.37) | 22,648(34.15) | 3231(38.84) | 182(43.96) |
PM2.5 (µg/m3), n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 | 111,914(25.51) | 94,394(25.96) | 15,840(23.88) | 1614(19.40) | 66(15.94) |
Q2 | 109,733(25.01) | 91,185(25.08) | 16,447(24.80) | 2004(24.09) | 97(23.43) |
Q3 | 109,104(24.87) | 89,860(24.71) | 16,882(25.45) | 2256(27.12) | 106(25.60) |
Q4 | 107,930(24.60) | 88,186(24.25) | 17,155(25.87) | 2444(29.38) | 145(35.02) |
PM2.5–10 (µg/m3), n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 | 111,959(25.52) | 93,549(25.73) | 16,383(24.70) | 1929(23.19) | 98(23.67) |
Q2 | 110,324(25.15) | 91,559(25.18) | 16,574(24.99) | 2092(25.15) | 99(23.91) |
Q3 | 108,160(24.66) | 89,409(24.59) | 16,545(24.95) | 2103(25.28) | 103(24.88) |
Q4 | 108,238(24.67) | 89,108(24.51) | 16,822(25.36) | 2194(26.38) | 114(27.54) |
PM10 (µg/m3), n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 | 110,942(25.29) | 92,804(25.52) | 16,266(24.53) | 1782(21.42) | 90(21.74) |
Q2 | 110,594(25.21) | 91,756(25.23) | 16,618(25.06) | 2109(25.35) | 111(26.81) |
Q3 | 108,544(24.74) | 89,552(24.63) | 16,742(25.24) | 2162(25.99) | 88(21.26) |
Q4 | 108,601(24.76) | 89,513(24.62) | 16,698(25.18) | 2265(27.23) | 125(30.19) |
NO2 (µg/m3), n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 | 111,556(25.43) | 94,241(25.92) | 15,706(23.68) | 1543(18.55) | 66(15.94) |
Q2 | 110,210(25.12) | 91,150(25.07) | 16,870(25.44) | 2086(25.08) | 104(25.12) |
Q3 | 109,214(24.90) | 89,746(24.68) | 17,070(25.74) | 2285(27.47) | 113(27.29) |
Q4 | 107,701(24.55) | 88,488(24.33) | 16,678(25.15) | 2404(28.90) | 131(31.64) |
NOX (µg/m3), n(%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 | 111,333(25.38) | 94,153(25.89) | 15,573(23.48) | 1539(18.50) | 68(16.43) |
Q2 | 110,246(25.13) | 91,371(25.13) | 16,695(25.17) | 2089(25.11) | 91(21.98) |
Q3 | 109,145(24.88) | 89,711(24.67) | 17,075(25.74) | 2248(27.03) | 111(26.81) |
Q4 | 107,957(24.61) | 88,390(24.31) | 16,981(25.60) | 2442(29.36) | 144(34.78) |
Mild cognitive impairment, n(CIR) | 279(0.043) | 203(0.038) | 62(0.060) | 14(0.091) | 0(0.000) |
All-cause dementia, n(CIR) | 8101(1.243) | 5032(0.943) | 2463(2.407) | 557(3.649) | 49(6.449) |
Alzheimer’s disease, n(CIR) | 3635(0.556) | 2433(0.455) | 994(0.967) | 193(1.253) | 15(1.885) |
Vascular dementia, n(CIR) | 1737(0.266) | 830(0.155) | 668(0.649) | 209(1.353) | 30(3.814) |
Survival time, M (P25, P75), year | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cognitive impairment | 14.91(14.30,15.74) | 14.71(14.33,15.68) | 15.53(14.09,16.10) | 18.49(12.72,22.51) | 18.65(10.12,24.60) |
All-cause dementia | 14.86(14.23,15.73) | 14.68(14.31,15.68) | 15.43(14.04,16.08) | 18.35(12.52,22.26) | 18.35(9.83,24.27) |
Alzheimer’s disease | 14.90(14.29,15.73) | 14.70(14.32,15.68) | 15.51(14.07,16.10) | 18.51(12.78,22.52) | 19.22(10.12,24.77) |
Vascular dementia | 14.91(14.30,15.74) | 14.71(14.33,15.68) | 15.52(14.08,16.10) | 18.56(12.90,22.60) | 19.00(10.63,24.52) |
