Fig. 4

Effect of UI water extract at different concentrations from 0.001 to 10 mg mL−1 on (A) survival of Daphnia (%) and its (B) LC50 value (mg mL−1) at different time points from 24 h to 72 h. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error (SE) from measurements taken at least three times. Different letters denote statistically significant differences at p < 0.05.