Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients in the model.
From: Association between urinary cadmium levels and increased gallstone disease in US adults
Characteristics | Control | Gallstone | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 1911 | N = 195 | ||
Sex | < 0.001 | ||
 Female | 930 (48.7%) | 139 (71.3%) |  |
 Male | 981 (51.3%) | 56 (28.7%) |  |
Age | 50.8 | 57.9 | < 0.001 |
Race | 0.009 | ||
 Mexican American | 218 (11.4%) | 26 (13.3%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 511 (26.7%) | 34 (17.4%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 682 (35.7%) | 89 (45.6%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 177 (9.26%) | 21 (10.8%) |  |
 Other Race | 323 (16.9%) | 25 (12.8%) |  |
Education level | 0.719 | ||
 Less than 9th grade | 636 (33.3%) | 67 (34.4%) |  |
 9th–11th grade | 102 (5.34%) | 24 (12.3%) |  |
 High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 495 (25.9%) | 55 (28.2%) |  |
 Some college or AA degree | 468 (24.5%) | 41 (21.0%) |  |
 College graduate or above | 102 (5.34%) | 8 (4.10%) |  |
PIR | 2.64 (1.63) | 2.63 (1.51) | 0.976 |
BMI | 29.8 | 32.7 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption status | 0.907 | ||
 No | 157 (8.22%) | 15 (7.69%) |  |
 Yes | 1754 (91.8%) | 180 (92.3%) |  |
Cigarette smoking status | 0.666 | ||
 No | 1075 (56.3%) | 106 (54.4%) |  |
 Yes | 836 (43.7%) | 89 (45.6%) |  |
Diabetes status | < 0.001 | ||
 Borderline | 65 (3.40%) | 6 (3.08%) |  |
 No | 1571 (82.2%) | 139 (71.3%) |  |
 Yes | 275 (14.4%) | 50 (25.6%) |  |
Hypertension status | 0.002 | ||
 No | 1179 (61.7%) | 98 (50.3%) |  |
 Yes | 732 (38.3%) | 97 (49.7%) |  |
Urine Barium (ug/g) | 1.63 | 1.76 | 0.413 |
Urine Cadmium (ug/g) | 0.32 | 0.44 | 0.019 |
Urine Cobalt (ug/g) | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.504 |
Urine Cesium (ug/g) | 4.95 | 5.12 | 0.427 |
Urine Molybdenum (ug/g) | 41.2 | 40.2 | 0.614 |
Urine Manganese (ug/g) | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.992 |
Urine Lead (ug/g) | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.378 |
Urine Antimony (ug/g) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.294 |
Urine Tin (ug/g) | 0.98 | 1.26 | 0.089 |
Urine Thallium (ug/g) | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.982 |
Urine Tungsten (ug/g) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.502 |
Urine Nickel (ug/g) | 1.63 | 1.70 | 0.650 |
Urine Mercury (ug/g) | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.966 |
Blood Lead (ug/dL) | 1.21 | 1.15 | 0.427 |
Blood Cadmium (ug/L) | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.966 |
Blood Mercury, total (ug/L) | 1.41 | 1.09 | 0.007 |
Blood Selenium (ug/L) | 9.77 | 10.1 | 0.175 |
Blood Manganese (ug/L) | 1.21 | 1.15 | 0.427 |
